This is completed downloadable of Test Bank for Textbook of Diagnostic Sonography 8th Edition by Hagen Ansert

Product Details:

ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0323353754
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0323353755
Author: Hagen Ansert

Updated to reflect the newest curriculum standards, Textbook of Diagnostic Sonography, 8th Edition provides you with the pertinent information needed for passing the boards. This highly respected text enhances your understanding of general/abdominal and obstetric/gynecologic sonography, the two primary divisions of sonography, as well as vascular sonography and echocardiography. Each chapter covers patient history; normal anatomy, including cross-sectional anatomy; sonography techniques; pathology; and related laboratory findings. And more than 3,100 images and anatomy drawings guide you in recognizing normal anatomy and abnormal pathology.

Table of Content:

PART I. Foundations of Sonography
1. Foundations of clinical sonography
The role of the sonographer
Historical overview of sound theory and medical ultrasound
Introduction to basic ultrasound principles
Bibliography
2. Essentials of patient care for the sonographer
A sonographer’s obligations
Basic patient care
Patients on strict bed rest
Patients with tubes and tubing
Patient transfer techniques
Infection control
Isolation techniques
Emergency medical situations
Professional attitudes
Assisting patients with special needs
Evaluating patient reactions to illness
Patient rights
Bibliography
3. Ergonomics and musculoskeletal issues in sonography
History of ergonomics
Injury data in sonography
Industry awareness and changes
Work practice changes
Economics of ergonomics
References
4. Anatomic and physiologic relationships within the abdominopelvic cavity
From atom to organism
Body systems
Anatomic relationships within the abdominopelvic cavities
Bibliography
5. Comparative sectional anatomy of the abdominopelvic cavity
Planes or body sections
Abdominal quadrants and regions
Sectional anatomy
Bibliography
6. Basic ultrasound imaging: Techniques, terminology, and tips
Before you begin to scan patients
Indications for abdominal sonography
Ultrasound terminology
Identifying abnormalities
Anatomic directions
Criteria for an adequate scan
General abdominal ultrasound protocols
Abdominal doppler
Bibliography
7. Imaging and doppler artifacts *
Propagation
Attenuation
Spectral doppler
Color doppler
Summary
Bibliography
PART II. Abdomen
8. Vascular system
Function of the circulatory system
Aorta
Sonographic evaluation of the abdominal aorta
Sonographic evaluation
Sonographic evaluation
Sonographic evaluation
Sonographic evaluation
Inferior vena cava
Portal venous system
Abdominal doppler techniques
9. Liver
Anatomy of the liver
Physiology and laboratory data of the hepatobiliary system
Sonographic evaluation of the liver
Pathology of the liver
Bibliography
10. Gallbladder and the biliary system
Anatomy of the biliary system
Physiology and laboratory data of the gallbladder and biliary system
Sonographic evaluation of the biliary system
Pathology of the gallbladder and biliary system
Pathology of the biliary tree
Bibliography
11. Spleen
Anatomy of the spleen
Physiology and laboratory data of the spleen
Sonographic evaluation of the spleen
Pathology of the spleen
Bibliography
12. Pancreas
Anatomy of the pancreas
Physiology and laboratory data of the pancreas
Sonographic evaluation of the pancreas
Pathology of the pancreas
Bibliography
13. Gastrointestinal tract
Anatomy of the gastrointestinal tract
Physiology and laboratory data of the gastrointestinal tract
Sonographic evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract
Pathology of the gastrointestinal tract
Bibliography
14. Peritoneal cavity and abdominal wall
Anatomy and sonographic evaluation of the peritoneal cavity and abdominal wall
Pathology of the peritoneal cavity
Pathology of the mesentery, omentum, and peritoneum
Pathology of the abdominal wall
Bibliography
15. Urinary system
Anatomy of the urinary system
Physiology and laboratory data of the urinary system
Sonographic evaluation of the urinary system
Pathology of the urinary system
Bibliography
16. Retroperitoneum *
Anatomy of the retroperitoneum
Physiology and laboratory data of the retroperitoneum
Sonographic evaluation of the retroperitoneum
Pathology of the retroperitoneum
Bibliography
17. Abdominal applications of ultrasound contrast agents
Types of ultrasound contrast agents
Ultrasound equipment modifications
Clinical applications
Conclusion
References
18. Ultrasound-guided interventional techniques
Ultrasound-guided procedures
Indications for a biopsy
Contraindications for a biopsy
Laboratory tests
Types of procedures
Ultrasound guidance methods
Cytopathology
Biopsy complications
Fusion technology
Ultrasound biopsy techniques
The sonographer’s role in interventional procedures
Finding the needle tip
What to do when the needle deviates
Biopsies and procedures by organ
Fluid collections and abscesses
Point-of-care and ablation techniques
New applications
Bibliography
19. Emergent ultrasound procedures
Assessment of abdominal trauma
Focused assessment with sonography for trauma
Right upper quadrant pain
Epigastric pain
Extreme shortness of breath
Chest pain
Flank pain
Right lower quadrant pain
Paraumbilical hernia
Acute pelvic pain
Scrotal trauma and torsion
Extremity swelling and pain
Bibliography
20. Sonographic techniques in the transplant patient
Who needs a transplant?
Liver transplant
Renal transplant
Pancreatic transplant
Learn how you can help donate life
References
PART III. Superficial Structures
21. Breast
Historical overview
Emerging sonographic technologies
Anatomy of the breast
Physiology of the breast
Breast evaluation overview
Sonographic evaluation of the breast
Pathology
Bibliography
22. Thyroid and parathyroid glands
Embryology of the thyroid gland
Anatomy of the thyroid gland
Thyroid physiology and laboratory data
Sonographic evaluation of the thyroid gland
Congenital abnormalities of the thyroid gland
Pathology of the thyroid gland
Embryology of the parathyroid gland
Anatomy of the parathyroid gland
Parathyroid physiology and laboratory data
Sonographic evaluation of the parathyroid gland
Pathology of the parathyroid gland
Miscellaneous neck masses
Bibliography
23. Scrotum
Anatomy of the scrotum
Technical considerations
Scrotal pathology
Bibliography
24. Musculoskeletal system
Anatomy of the musculoskeletal system
Artifacts
Sonographic evaluation of the musculoskeletal system
Pathology of the musculoskeletal system
Bibliography
PART IV. Pediatrics
25. Neonatal and pediatric abdomen
Examination preparation
Normal anatomy and sonographic findings
Hepatobiliary, pancreatic, and splenic pathology
Gastrointestinal pathology
Sonographic measurements and findings
Bibliography
26. Neonatal and pediatric adrenal and urinary system
Examination preparation
Normal anatomy and sonographic findings
Renal, adrenal, and bladder pathology
Bibliography
27. Neonatal and infant head
Normal anatomy and sonographic findings
Examination preparation
Neonatal head examination
Acquired brain lesions
Congenital brain malformations
Brain infections
Bibliography
28. Infant and pediatric hip
Normal anatomy and sonographic findings
Developmental displacement of the hip
Joint effusions of the hip
Other hip conditions/differentials
Bibliography
29. Neonatal and infant spine
Embryogenesis
Normal anatomy and sonographic findings
Sonographic evaluation of the neonatal and infant spine
Pathology of the neonatal and infant spine
Other indications and associations
Bibliography
Glossary for volume 1
Index
Selected medical and ultrasound abbreviations
VOLUME 2
PART V. The Thoracic Cavity
30. Anatomic and physiologic relationships within the thoracic cavity
The thorax and the thoracic cavity
The heart and great vessels
The cardiac cycle
The electrical conduction system
The mechanical conduction system
Electrocardiography
Auscultation of the heart valves
Principles of blood flow
Bibliography
31. Understanding hemodynamics
The cardiac cycle
Doppler basics
Quantification of intracardiac pressures with ultrasound
References
32. Introduction to echocardiographic techniques, terminology, and tips
Two-dimensional echocardiography
Cardiac color flow examination
Doppler applications and technique
The echocardiographic examination
M-mode imaging of the cardiac structures
References
33. Introduction to clinical echocardiography: Left-sided valvular heart disease
Left-sided valvular heart disease
Mitral valve disease
Aortic valve disease
Technical considerations and pitfalls in doppler measurements
Aortic abnormalities
Bibliography
34. Introduction to clinical echocardiography: Pericardial disease, cardiomyopathies, and tumors
Pericardial disease
Cardiomyopathies
Cardiac masses
Bibliography
35. Fetal echocardiography: Beyond the four chambers
Embryology of the cardiovascular system
Fetal circulation
Risk factors indicating fetal echocardiography
Beyond the four-chamber view
Fetal ultrasound landmarks
Echocardiographic evaluation of the fetus
Bibliography
36. Fetal echocardiography: Congenital heart disease
Relationship of genetics to congenital heart disease
Incidence of congenital heart disease
Prenatal evaluation of congenital heart disease
Cardiac malposition
Cardiac enlargement
Septal defects
Right ventricular inflow disturbance
Right ventricular outflow disturbance
Left ventricular inflow disturbance
Left ventricular outflow tract disturbance
Great vessel abnormalities
Cardiac tumors
Complex cardiac abnormalities
Dysrhythmias
Bibliography
References
PART VI. Cerebrovascular
37. Extracranial cerebrovascular evaluation
Anatomy for extracranial cerebrovascular imaging
Extracranial arterial hemodynamics
Carotid disease and stroke risk factors, warning signs, and symptoms
Technical aspects of carotid duplex imaging
Interpretation of carotid duplex imaging
Common carotid artery disease treatments
Other carotid artery imaging modalities
Other carotid duplex imaging applications and emerging techniques
References
38. Intracranial cerebrovascular evaluation
Intracranial arterial anatomy
Intracranial arterial physiology
Technical aspects of transcranial doppler imaging
Interpretation of transcranial doppler imaging
Clinical applications
Advantages and limitations of transcranial doppler imaging
References
39. Peripheral arterial evaluation
Anatomy associated with peripheral arterial testing
Arterial physiology
Arterial pathophysiology
Indirect (physiologic) arterial testing
Arterial duplex imaging
Guidelines for evaluation
References
40. Peripheral venous evaluation
Anatomy for peripheral venous duplex imaging
Venous physiology
Venous pathology and treatments
Technical aspects of venous duplex imaging
Interpretation of venous duplex imaging
Combined diagnostic approach
Venous reflux imaging
Vein mapping
Other pathology
Controversies in venous duplex imaging
Imaging guidelines
References
PART VII. Gynecology
41. Normal anatomy and physiology of the female pelvis
Pelvic landmarks
Muscles of the pelvis
Bladder and ureters
Vagina
Uterus
Fallopian tubes
Ovaries
Pelvic vasculature
Physiology
Pelvic recesses and bowel
Bibliography
42. Sonographic and doppler evaluation of the female pelvis
Patient preparation and history
Performance standards for the ultrasound examination
Sonographic technique
Sonographic evaluation of the pelvis
Bibliography
43. Pathology of the uterus
Pathology of the vagina and cervix
Pathology of the uterus
Pathology of the endometrium
Intrauterine contraceptive devices
Bibliography
References
44. Pathology of the ovaries
Anatomy of the ovaries
Sonographic evaluation of the ovaries
Benign adnexal cysts
Endometriosis
Ovarian torsion
Sonographic evaluation of ovarian neoplasms
Ovarian carcinoma
Epithelial tumors
Germ cell tumors
Stromal tumors
Carcinoma of the fallopian tube
Other pelvic masses
References
45. Pathology of the adnexa
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Endometritis
Endometriosis and endometrioma
Interventional ultrasound
Postoperative uses of ultrasound
Bibliography
Reference
46. Role of ultrasound in evaluating female infertility
Evaluating the cervix
Evaluating the uterus
Evaluating the endometrium
Evaluating the fallopian tubes
Evaluating the ovaries
Peritoneal factors
Treatment options
Complications associated with assisted reproductive technology
References
PART VIII. Obstetrics
47. Role of sonography in obstetrics
Indications for obstetric sonography
Types of obstetric sonography examinations
Patient history
The safety of ultrasound
The safety of doppler for the obstetric patient
Guidelines for first-trimester and standard second- and third-trimester obstetric sonography examinations
Diagnostic and screening aspects of obstetric sonography examinations
Bibliography
48. Clinical ethics for obstetric sonography
Morality and ethics defined
History of medical ethics
Principles of medical ethics
Confidentiality of findings
Acknowledgments
Bibliography
49. The normal first trimester
Overview of the first trimester
Maternal serum analysis in early pregnancy
Sonographic technique and evaluation of the first trimester
Determination of gestational age
First-trimester anatomy visualization
First-trimester risk assessment
Multiple gestations
Bibliography
References
50. First-trimester complications
New criteria for viability and nonviability
First-trimester bleeding and sonographic appearances
Abnormal or absent cardiac activity
Embryonic development of yolk sac and amnion
Ectopic pregnancy
Diagnosis of embryonic abnormalities in the first trimester
First-trimester pelvic masses
References
51. Sonography of the second and third trimesters
A suggested protocol
Equipment and practices
Initial steps and examination overview
Fetal anatomy of the second and third trimesters
Extrafetal obstetric evaluation
Genetic sonogram
Acknowledgment
Bibliography
52. Obstetric measurements and gestational age
Gestational age assessment: First trimester
Gestational age assessment: Second and third trimesters
References
53. Fetal growth assessment by sonography
Intrauterine growth restriction
Diagnostic criteria
Tests of fetal well-being
Macrosomia
References
54. Sonography and high-risk pregnancy
Screening tests
Maternal factors in high-risk pregnancy
Maternal diseases of pregnancy
Ultrasound in labor and delivery
Fetal factors in high-risk pregnancy
Multiple gestation pregnancy
Acknowledgments
References
55. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies
Chromosomal disorders
Genetic testing
Maternal serum markers
First-trimester screening
Medical genetics
Chromosomal abnormalities
References
56. Placenta
Embryogenesis
The amniotic sac and amniotic fluid
The umbilical cord
Sonographic evaluation of the normal placenta
Doppler evaluation of the placenta
Evaluation of the placenta after delivery
Abnormalities of the placenta
Placental abruption
Placental tumors
Bibliography
57. Umbilical cord
Development and anatomy of the umbilical cord
Abnormal umbilical cord dimensions
Umbilical cord masses
Umbilical cord knots
Umbilical cord insertion abnormalities
Vasa previa and prolapse of the cord
Single umbilical artery
Varix of the umbilical vein
Persistent intrahepatic right portal vein
Bibliography
References
58. Amniotic fluid and fetal membranes
Amniotic fluid
Fetal membranes
Hydrops
Acknowledgment
Bibliography
59. Fetal face and neck
Embryology of the fetal face and neck
Sonographic evaluation of the fetal face
Abnormalities of the face and neck
Bibliography
References
60. Fetal neural axis
Embryology
Anencephaly
Acrania
Cephalocele
Spina bifida
Dandy-walker malformation
Holoprosencephaly
Agenesis of the corpus callosum
Aqueductal stenosis
Vein of galen aneurysm
Choroid plexus cysts
Porencephalic cysts
Schizencephaly
Hydranencephaly
Ventriculomegaly (hydrocephalus)
Microcephaly
References
61. Fetal thorax
Embryology of the thoracic cavity
Normal sonographic characteristics
Abnormalities of the thoracic cavity
Bibliography
References
62. Fetal anterior abdominal wall
Embryology of the abdominal wall
Sonographic evaluation of the fetal abdominal wall
Abnormalities of the anterior abdominal wall
Bibliography
63. Fetal abdomen
Embryology of the digestive system
Sonographic evaluation of the abdominal cavity
Abnormalities of the hepatobiliary system
Abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract
Miscellaneous cystic masses of the abdomen
Bibliography
64. Fetal urogenital system
Embryology and development of the urogenital system
Sonographic evaluation of the urogenital system
Sonographic findings suggesting abnormalities of the urogenital system
Abnormalities of the urinary tract
Congenital malformations of the kidneys
Renal cystic disease
Obstructive urinary tract abnormalities
Other urinary anomalies
Congenital malformations of the genital system
Other pelvic masses
Acknowledgment
Bibliography
65. Fetal skeleton
Embryology of the fetal skeleton
Abnormalities of the skeleton
Other limb abnormalities
References
Glossary for volume 2
Illustration credits
Index