Criminal Justice Ethics Theory and Practice 4th Edition Banks Test Bank

Product details:

ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1506326056
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1506326054
Author: Cyndi Banks

Criminal Justice Ethics, Fourth Edition examines the criminal justice system through an ethical lens by identifying ethical issues in practice and theory, exploring ethical dilemmas, and offering suggestions for resolving ethical issues and dilemmas faced by criminal justice professionals. Bestselling author Cyndi Banks draws readers into a unique discussion of ethical issues by exploring moral dilemmas faced by professionals in the criminal justice system before examining the major theoretical foundations of ethics. This distinct organization allows readers to understand real life ethical issues before grappling with philosophical approaches to the resolution of those issues.

Table contents:

Part I	The Interaction Between Ethics and the Criminal Justice System	1
1.	The Importance of Ethics in Criminal Justice	3
	The Meaning of Ethics	3
	The Value of Ethics	3
	Normative Ethics	7
	Ethical Relativism	7
	Cultural Relativsm	7
	Ethical Absolutism	8
	Ethical Pluralism	9
	Religion and Ethical Standards	10
	Conduct Is Right Because God Commands It	10
	God Commands Right Conduct Because It Is Right	11
	Ethics and Natural Law	11
	Ethics and Law	11
	Ethical Dilemmas	12
	Ethical Issues in Criminal Justice	15
	Summary	16
	Discussion Questions	17
2.	Ethics and the Police	19
	Ethics and Policing	19
	The Nature of Policing	20
	Police as an Institution	21
	Police Culture	21
	Police Discretion	25
	Ethics and Codes of Ethics	26
	Police Use of Force	29
	Dirty Harry/Dirty Hands	33
	Police Corruption	34
	Conditions Contributing to Police Corruption	35
	Drugs and Corruption	37
	“Slippery Slope”	38
	Consequences of Corruption	38
	Combating Corruption	38
	Whistle-Blowing	39
	Discrimination as Corruption	41
	Ethical Issues in Investigation, Interrogation, and Custody	45
	Rights of Suspects	45
	Privacy	46
	Entrapment	46
	Deception	47
	Lying	49
	Explanations for Police Corruption	50
	Summary	52
	Discussion Questions	52
3.	Racial Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System	57
	Ethical Background	57
	Historical Context	58
	Is There Racial Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System?	59
	Police Encounters With Citizens and Police Arrest	61
	Bail	61
	Jury Selection	61
	Conviction and Sentencing	64
	Imprisonment Disparities	66
	Death Penalty Disparities	67
	Hate Crimes	67
	Explanations for Racial Discrimination in the Criminal Justice System	68
	Summary	72
	Discussion Questions	72
4.	Lawyers and Ethics	77
	Legal Ethics: Historical Context	77
	The Nature of Professional Ethics	79
	The Principle of Partisanship	79
	The Principle of Neutrality	79
	The Lawyer-Client Relationship	81
	Confidentiality	82
	Client Perjury	82
	Client Crime	83
	Defense Lawyers	84
1.	Is It Ethically Proper to Represent a Client Accused of a Criminal Offense When the Lawyer Knows the Client Is Guilty?	85
2.	Is It Ethically Proper to Cross-Examine a Witness With the Aim of Discrediting His or Her Credibility or Reliability When the Lawyer Knows the Witness Is Telling the Truth?	86
3.	Is It Ethically Proper to Have a Witness Give Testimony When the Lawyer Knows That the Witness Will Commit Perjury?	87
	The Prosecutor	88
	The Duty to Ensure Justice Is Done	88
	Discretion to Bring Charges	89
	Prosecution Disclosure of Evidence to the Defense	91
	Plea Negotiations	91
	Prosecutorial Misconduct	93
	Judicial Ethics	96
	Ethical Rules Governing Judges	98
	Summary	99
	Discussion Questions	99
5.	The Purpose of Criminal Punishment	103
	What Is Punishment?	103
	Theoretical Approaches to Punishment	104
	Why Punish? The Philosophical Approach	105
	Deterrence	106
	Retribution	109
	Just Deserts	113
	Reconciling Utilitarian and Retributive Theories	115
	Rehabilitation	116
	Incapacitation	117
	Restorative Justice	118
	Why Punish? The Sociological Approach	120
	Summary	123
	Discussion Questions	124
6.	Ethics in Corrections	127
	The Prison Explosion	127
	Maximum Security Conditions	128
	Women’s Incarceration	130
	Medium Security	130
	Minimum Security	130
	Stateville Prison: The Changing State of Corrections	131
	Guarding Ethically	134
	The Experience of Guarding	137
	Corruption of Authority	138
	Power and Authority in Prison: Controlling the Inmates	139
	The Battle for Compliance	140
	Evaluating Guards	141
	Rewards and Punishments	141
	Enforcing Rule Violations	142
	Informal Controls	143
	Guarding With Discretion	144
	The Gray Wall of Silence: Prison Guard Subculture	145
	Subculture and Socialization	145
	Guard Types	148
	Use of Force	149
	The Court’s View of Correctional Officer Use of Force	155
	Correctional Policy on the Use of Force	156
	Prisoner “Power”	156
	Unethical Situations	157
	Rape in Prison	157
	Corruption	158
	Whistle-Blowing in Corrections	161
	Ethical Considerations in Probation and Parole	162
	Arming Probation Officers	164
	Treatment or Control?	165
	Parole	165
	Summary	166
	Discussion Questions	167
7.	The Ethics of Criminal Justice Policy Making	171
	The Ethics of Policy Making	171
	Morality Policy	174
	Public Opinion About Punishment	176
	Mandatory Minimum Sentencing	178
	The “War on Drugs”	181
	Truth in Sentencing	182
	Predators and Superpredators	183
	Sexual Predators	183
	Superpredators	185
	Capital Punishment	186
	Public Opinion on Capital Punishment	188
	Private Prisons	192
	Summary	196
	Discussion Questions	198
Part II	The Application of Ethical Theories to the Criminal Justice System	203
8.	Duty and Principle	209
	Hypothetical and Categorical Imperatives	210
	The Principle of Universality	210
	Respect for All Persons	212
	Kingdom of Ends	213
	Conflicts of Duties Between Rules	214
	Applying Deontological Theory: A Case Study	215
	Summary	218
	Discussion Questions	219
9.	Considering the Consequences	221
	Pleasure and Happiness	223
	Act Consequentialism	223
	Rule Consequentialism	224
	Public Policy and Utilitarianism	224
	Arguments Criticizing Utilitarianism	225
	Applying Utilitarian Theory: A Case Study	229
	Summary	233
	Discussion Questions	234
10.	The Importance of Character	235
	Virtues	237
	Aristotle and Happiness	239
	The Golden Mean	240
	Practical Wisdom	240
	What’s Wrong With Virtue	241
	Applying Virtue Theory: A Case Study	245
	Summary	248
	Discussion Questions	249
11.	Egoism, Pleasure, and Indifference	251
	Stoicism	251
	Hedonism	253
	Ethical Egoism	254
	Applying the Theory of Ethical Egoism: A Case Study	256
	Summary	259
	Discussion Questions	260
12.	A Sense of Justice	261
	Application of the Principles	262
	Justice as Fairness	264
	Moral Development	264
	Applying Rawlsian Theory	265
	Summary	267
	Discussion Questions	268
13.	Caring for Others	269
	Kohlberg and Gilligan	269
	A Theory of Moral Development	270
	“In a Different Voice”: Carol Gilligan	270
	Gender and the Ethic of Care	272
	An Ethic of Care	274
	Developing the Ethic of Care	275
	The Ethic of Care and Justice	277
	Peacemaking	278
	Applying the Ethic of Care: A Case Study	280
	Summary	284
	Discussion Questions	285
	Index	287
	About the Author	307