Solution Manual for Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach (Second Edition) Second Edition

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  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0393614050
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0393614053
  • Author: Natalie Foster; Rein V. Kirss; Thomas R. Gilbert

The Second Edition’s new co author, Stacey Lowery Bretz, uses visualization tools―based on Chemistry Education Research, and focused on the particulate nature of matter―to help students self assess what they know before, during, and after each chapter. Smartwork5 allows instructors to use this pedagogy as a diagnostic, and students receive hints and answer specific feedback within the text. New ChemTour Animations support visualization at a molecular level, and are integrated throughout the media package.

Table of contents:

  1. Chapter 1: Matter and Energy: An Atomic Perspective
  2. 1.1 Exploring the Particulate Nature of Matter
  3. 1.2 COAST: A Framework for Solving Problems
  4. 1.3 Classes and Properties of Matter
  5. 1.4 States of Matter
  6. 1.5 Forms of Energy
  7. 1.6 Formulas and Models
  8. 1.7 Expressing Experimental Results
  9. 1.8 Unit Conversions and Dimensional Analysis
  10. 1.9 Analyzing Experimental Results
  11. Summary
  12. Chapter 2: Atoms, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks of Matter
  13. 2.1 When Projectiles Bounced Off Tissue Paper: The Rutherford Model of Atomic Structure
  14. 2.2 Nuclides and Their Symbols
  15. 2.3 Navigating the Periodic Table
  16. 2.4 The Masses of Atoms, Ions, and Molecules
  17. 2.5 Moles and Molar Masses
  18. 2.6 Mass Spectrometry: Determining Molecular Masses
  19. Summary
  20. Chapter 3: Atomic Structure: Explaining the Properties of Elements
  21. 3.1 Nature’s Fireworks and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
  22. 3.2 Atomic Spectra
  23. 3.3 Particles of Light: Quantum Theory
  24. 3.4 The Hydrogen Spectrum and the Bohr Model
  25. 3.5 Electrons as Waves
  26. 3.6 Quantum Numbers
  27. 3.7 The Sizes and Shapes of Atomic Orbitals
  28. 3.8 The Periodic Table and Filling Orbitals
  29. 3.9 Electron Configurations of Ions
  30. 3.10 The Sizes of Atoms and Ions
  31. 3.11 Ionization Energies and Photoelectron Spectroscopy
  32. 3.12 Electron Affinities
  33. Summary
  34. Chapter 4: Chemical Bonding: Understanding Climate Change
  35. 4.1 Chemical Bonds and Greenhouse Gases
  36. 4.2 Electronegativity, Unequal Sharing, and Polar Bonds
  37. 4.3 Naming Compounds and Writing Formulas
  38. 4.4 Lewis Symbols and Lewis Structures
  39. 4.5 Resonance
  40. 4.6 The Lengths and Strengths of Covalent Bonds
  41. 4.7 Formal Charge: Choosing among Lewis Structures
  42. 4.8 Exceptions to the Octet Rule
  43. 4.9 Vibrating Bonds and the Greenhouse Effect
  44. Summary
  45. Chapter 5: Bonding Theories: Explaining Molecular Geometry
  46. 5.1 Biological Activity and Molecular Shape
  47. 5.2 Valence-Shell Electron-Pair Repulsion Theory
  48. 5.3 Polar Bonds and Polar Molecules
  49. 5.4 Valence Bond Theory and Hybrid Orbitals
  50. 5.5 Molecules with Multiple “Central” Atoms
  51. 5.6 Chirality and Molecular Recognition
  52. 5.7 Molecular Orbital Theory
  53. Summary
  54. Chapter 6: Intermolecular Forces: Attractions between Particles
  55. 6.1 Intramolecular Forces versus Intermolecular Forces
  56. 6.2 London Dispersion Forces
  57. 6.3 Interactions Involving Polar Molecules
  58. 6.4 Trends in Solubility
  59. 6.5 Phase Diagrams: Intermolecular Forces at Work
  60. 6.6 Some Remarkable Properties of Water
  61. Summary
  62. Chapter 7: Stoichiometry: Mass Relationships and Chemical Reactions
  63. 7.1 Chemical Reactions and the Carbon Cycle
  64. 7.2 Writing Balanced Chemical Equations
  65. 7.3 Stoichiometric Calculations
  66. 7.4 Limiting Reactants and Percent Yield
  67. 7.5 Percent Composition and Empirical Formulas
  68. 7.6 Comparing Empirical and Molecular Formulas
  69. 7.7 Combustion Analysis
  70. Summary
  71. Chapter 8: Reactions in Aqueous Solutions: Chemistry of the Hydrosphere
  72. 8.1 Solutions and Their Concentrations
  73. 8.2 Dilutions
  74. 8.3 Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes
  75. 8.4 Acid–Base Reactions: Proton Transfer
  76. 8.5 Titrations
  77. 8.6 Precipitation Reactions
  78. 8.7 Oxidation–Reduction Reactions: Electron Transfer
  79. Summary
  80. Chapter 9: Properties of Gases: The Air We Breathe
  81. 9.1 An Invisible Necessity: The Properties of Gases
  82. 9.2 Effusion, Diffusion, and the Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases
  83. 9.3 Atmospheric Pressure
  84. 9.4 Relating P, T, and V: The Gas Laws
  85. 9.5 The Combined Gas Law
  86. 9.6 Ideal Gases and the Ideal Gas Law
  87. 9.7 Densities of Gases
  88. 9.8 Gases in Chemical Reactions
  89. 9.9 Mixtures of Gases
  90. 9.10 Real Gases
  91. Summary
  92. Chapter 10: Thermochemistry: Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions
  93. 10.1 Energy as a Reactant or Product
  94. 10.2 Transferring Energy and Doing Work
  95. 10.3 Enthalpy and Enthalpy Changes
  96. 10.4 Heating Curves and Heat Capacity
  97. 10.5 Enthalpies of Reaction and Calorimetry
  98. 10.6 Hess’s Law and Standard Enthalpies of Reaction
  99. 10.7 Enthalpies of Reaction from Enthalpies of Formation and Bond Energies
  100. 10.8 Energy Changes When Substances Dissolve
  101. 10.9 More Applications of Thermochemistry
  102. Summary
  103. Chapter 11: Properties of Solutions: Their Concentrations and Colligative Properties
  104. 11.1 Osmosis: “Water, Water, Everywhere”
  105. 11.2 Osmotic Pressure and the van ’t Hoff Factor
  106. 11.3 Vapor Pressure
  107. 11.4 Solutions of Volatile Substances
  108. 11.5 More Colligative Properties of Solutions
  109. 11.6 Henry’s Law and the Solubility of Gases
  110. Summary
  111. Chapter 12: Thermodynamics: Why Chemical Reactions Happen
  112. 12.1 Spontaneous Processes
  113. 12.2 Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics
  114. 12.3 Absolute Entropy and Molecular Structure
  115. 12.4 Applications of the Second Law
  116. 12.5 Calculating Entropy Changes
  117. 12.6 Free Energy
  118. 12.7 Temperature and Spontaneity
  119. 12.8 Driving the Human Engine: Coupled Reactions
  120. Summary
  121. Chapter 13: Chemical Kinetics: Clearing the Air
  122. 13.1 Cars and Air Quality
  123. 13.2 Reaction Rates
  124. 13.3 Effect of Concentration on Reaction Rate
  125. 13.4 Reaction Rates, Temperature, and the Arrhenius Equation
  126. 13.5 Reaction Mechanisms
  127. 13.6 Catalysts
  128. Summary
  129. Chapter 14: Chemical Equilibrium: Equal but Opposite Reaction Rates
  130. 14.1 The Dynamics of Chemical Equilibrium
  131. 14.2 Writing Equilibrium Constant Expressions
  132. 14.3 Relationships between Kc and Kp Values
  133. 14.4 Manipulating Equilibrium Constant Expressions
  134. 14.5 Equilibrium Constants and Reaction Quotients
  135. 14.6 Heterogeneous Equilibria
  136. 14.7 Le Châtelier’s Principle
  137. 14.8 Calculations Based on K
  138. 14.9 Equilibrium and Thermodynamics
  139. 14.10 Changing K with Changing Temperature
  140. Summary
  141. Chapter 15: Acid–Base Equilibria: Proton Transfer in Biological Systems
  142. 15.1 Acids and Bases: A Balancing Act
  143. 15.2 Acid Strength and Molecular Structure
  144. 15.3 Strong and Weak Bases
  145. 15.4 Conjugate Pairs
  146. 15.5 pH and the Autoionization of Water
  147. 15.6 Ka, Kb, and the Ionization of Weak Acids and Bases
  148. 15.7 Calculating the pH of Acidic and Basic Solutions
  149. 15.8 Polyprotic Acids
  150. 15.9 Acidic and Basic Salts
  151. Summary
  152. Chapter 16: Additional Aqueous Equilibria: Chemistry and the Oceans
  153. 16.1 Ocean Acidification: Equilibrium under Stress
  154. 16.2 The Common-Ion Effect
  155. 16.3 pH Buffers
  156. 16.4 Indicators and Acid—Base Titrations
  157. 16.5 Lewis Acids and Bases
  158. 16.6 Formation of Complex Ions
  159. 16.7 Hydrated Metal Ions as Acids
  160. 16.8 Solubility Equilibria
  161. Summary
  162. Chapter 17: Electrochemistry: The Quest for Clean Energy
  163. 17.1 Running on Electrons: Redox Chemistry Revisited
  164. 17.2 Electrochemical Cells
  165. 17.3 Standard Potentials
  166. 17.4 Chemical Energy and Electrical Work
  167. 17.5 A Reference Point: The Standard Hydrogen Electrode
  168. 17.6 The Effect of Concentration on Ecell
  169. 17.7 Relating Battery Capacity to Quantities of Reactants
  170. 17.8 Corrosion: Unwanted Electrochemical Reactions
  171. 17.9 Electrolytic Cells and Rechargeable Batteries
  172. 17.10 Fuel Cells
  173. Summary
  174. Chapter 18: The Solid State: A Particulate View
  175. 18.1 Stronger, Tougher, Harder
  176. 18.2 Structures of Metals
  177. 18.3 Alloys
  178. 18.4 Metallic Bonds and Conduction Bands
  179. 18.5 Semiconductors
  180. 18.6 Structures of Some Crystalline Nonmetals
  181. 18.7 Salt Crystals: Ionic Solids
  182. 18.8 Ceramics: Useful, Ancient Materials
  183. 18.9 X-ray Diffraction: How We Know Crystal Structures
  184. Summary
  185. Chapter 19: Organic Chemistry: Fuels, Pharmaceuticals, and Modern Materials
  186. 19.1 Carbon: The Stuff of Daily Life
  187. 19.2 Alkanes
  188. 19.3 Alkenes and Alkynes
  189. 19.4 Aromatic Compounds
  190. 19.5 Amines
  191. 19.6 Alcohols, Ethers, and Reformulated Gasoline
  192. 19.7 Aldehydes, Ketones, Carboxylic Acids, Esters, and Amides
  193. 19.8 A Brief Survey of Isomers
  194. Summary
  195. Chapter 20: Biochemistry: The Compounds of Life
  196. 20.1 Composition, Structure, and Function: Amino Acids
  197. 20.2 Protein Structure and Function
  198. 20.3 Carbohydrates
  199. 20.4 Lipids
  200. 20.5 Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids
  201. 20.6 From Biomolecules to Living Cells
  202. Summary
  203. Chapter 21: Nuclear Chemistry: The Risks and Benefits
  204. 21.1 Decay Modes of Radionuclides
  205. 21.2 Rates of Radioactive Decay
  206. 21.3 Energy Changes in Radioactive Decay
  207. 21.4 Making New Elements
  208. 21.5 Nuclear Fusion and the Origin of the Elements
  209. 21.6 Nuclear Fission
  210. 21.7 Measuring Radioactivity
  211. 21.8 Biological Effects of Radioactivity
  212. 21.9 Medical Applications of Radionuclides
  213. Summary
  214. Chapter 22: The Main Group Elements: Life and the Periodic Table
  215. 22.1 Main Group Elements and Human Health
  216. 22.2 Periodic Properties of Main Group Elements
  217. 22.3 Major Essential Elements
  218. 22.4 Trace and Ultratrace Essential Elements
  219. 22.5 Nonessential Elements
  220. 22.6 Elements for Diagnosis and Therapy
  221. Summary
  222. Chapter 23: Transition Metals: Biological and Medical Applications
  223. 23.1 Transition Metals in Biology: Complex Ions
  224. 23.2 Naming Complex Ions and Coordination Compounds
  225. 23.3 Polydentate Ligands and Chelation
  226. 23.4 Crystal Field Theory
  227. 23.5 Magnetism and Spin States
  228. 23.6 Isomerism in Coordination Compounds
  229. 23.7 Coordination Compounds in Biochemistry
  230. 23.8 Coordination Compounds in Medicine
  231. Summary
  232. Appendix 1: Mathematical Procedures
  233. Appendix 2: SI Units and Conversion Factors
  234. Appendix 3: The Elements and Their Properties
  235. Appendix 4: Chemical Bonds and Thermodynamic Data
  236. Appendix 5: Equilibrium Constants
  237. Appendix 6: Standard Reduction Potentials
  238. Appendix 7: Naming Organic Compounds
  239. Glossary
  240. Answers to Particulate Review, Concept Tests, and Practice Exercises
  241. Answers to Selected End-of-Chapter Questions and Problems
  242. Credits
  243. Index

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