Solution Manual for Earth: Portrait of a Planet (Sixth Edition) Sixth Edition

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  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0393640132
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0393640137
  • Author:  Stephen Marshak

Marshak gives students the tools they need for an enriching hands-on geology experience, in and out of class. The Sixth Edition includes an expanded suite of interactive simulations, Narrative Art videos, Real-World videos, and animations built on the vibrant art from the text. New Smartwork5 online activities provide visual and interactive questions with answer-specific feedback. And the Geotours Google Earth™ exercises get students applying what they’ve learned to real-life site explorations. These easy-to-use tools combine with Marshak’s signature narrative approach to the text and art program to give students the most effective means for visualizing, interacting with, and mastering geology concepts.

 

Table of contents

  1. P.1 In Search of Ideas
  2. P.2 Why Study Geology?
  3. P.3 Themes of This Book
  4. Prelude: Practice What You Know
  5. Part I: Our Island in Space
  6. Chapter 1: Cosmology and the Birth of the Earth
  7. 1.1 Introduction
  8. 1.2 An Image of Our Universe
  9. 1.3 Forming the Universe
  10. 1.4 We Are All Made of Stardust
  11. Chapter 1: Practice What You Know
  12. Chapter 2: Journey to the Center of the Earth
  13. 2.1 Introduction
  14. 2.2 Welcome to the Neighborhood
  15. 2.3 Basic Characteristics of the Earth
  16. 2.4 How Do We Know That the Earth Has Layers?
  17. 2.5 What Are the Layers Made of?
  18. 2.6 The Lithosphere and the Asthenosphere
  19. Chapter 2: Practice What You Know
  20. Chapter 3: Drifting Continents and Spreading Seas
  21. 3.1 Introduction
  22. 3.2 Wegener’s Evidence for Continental Drift
  23. 3.3 The Discovery of Seafloor Spreading
  24. 3.4 Paleomagnetism: Proving Continental Drift and Seafloor Spreading
  25. Chapter 3: Practice What You Know
  26. Chapter 4: The Way the Earth Works: Plate Tectonics
  27. 4.1 Introduction
  28. 4.2 What Do We Mean by Plate Tectonics?
  29. 4.3 Divergent Boundaries and Seafloor Spreading
  30. 4.4 Convergent Boundaries and Subduction
  31. 4.5 Transform Boundaries
  32. 4.6 Special Locations in the Plate Mosaic
  33. 4.7 How Do Plate Boundaries Form, and How Do They Die?
  34. 4.8 Moving Plates
  35. Chapter 4: Practice What You Know
  36. Part II: Earth Materials
  37. Chapter 5: Patterns in Nature: Minerals
  38. 5.1 Introduction
  39. 5.2 What Is a Mineral?
  40. 5.3 Beauty in Patterns: Crystals and Their Structure
  41. 5.4 How Can You Tell One Mineral from Another?
  42. 5.5 Organizing Knowledge: Mineral Classification
  43. 5.6 Something Precious: Gems!
  44. Chapter 5: Practice What You Know
  45. Interlude A: Introducing Rocks
  46. A.1 Introduction
  47. A.2 What Is Rock?
  48. A.3 The Basis of Rock Classification
  49. A.4 Studying Rock
  50. Interlude A: Practice What You Know
  51. Chapter 6: Up from the Inferno: Magma and Igneous Rocks
  52. 6.1 Introduction
  53. 6.2 Why Do Melts Form?
  54. 6.3 What’s in Molten Rock?
  55. 6.4 Movement and Solidification of Molten Rock
  56. 6.5 Comparing Extrusive and Intrusive Environments
  57. 6.6 How Do You Describe an Igneous Rock?
  58. 6.7 Plate Tectonic Context of Igneous Activity
  59. Chapter 6: Practice What You Know
  60. Interlude B: A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils
  61. B.1 Introduction
  62. B.2 Weathering: Forming Sediment
  63. B.3 Soil
  64. Interlude B: Practice What You Know
  65. Chapter 7: Pages of the Earth’s Past: Sedimentary Rocks
  66. 7.1 Introduction
  67. 7.2 Classes of Sedimentary Rocks
  68. 7.3 Sedimentary Structures
  69. 7.4 How Do We Recognize Depositional Environments?
  70. 7.5 Sedimentary Basins
  71. Chapter 7: Practice What You Know
  72. Chapter 8: Metamorphism: A Process of Change
  73. 8.1 Introduction
  74. 8.2 Consequences and Causes of Metamorphism
  75. 8.3 Types of Metamorphic Rocks
  76. 8.4 Defining Metamorphic Intensity
  77. 8.5 Where Does Metamorphism Occur?
  78. Chapter 8: Practice What You Know
  79. Interlude C: The Rock Cycle in the Earth System
  80. C.1 Introduction
  81. C.2 Rock Cycle Paths
  82. C.3 A Case Study of the Rock Cycle
  83. C.4 Cycles of the Earth System
  84. Interlude C: Practice What You Know
  85. Part III: Tectonic Activity of a Dynamic Planet
  86. Chapter 9: The Wrath of Vulcan: Volcanic Eruptions
  87. 9.1 Introduction
  88. 9.2 The Products of Volcanic Eruptions
  89. 9.3 Structure and Eruptive Style
  90. 9.4 Geologic Settings of Volcanism
  91. 9.5 Beware: Volcanoes Are Hazards!
  92. 9.6 Protection from Vulcan’s Wrath
  93. 9.7 Effect of Volcanoes on Climate and Civilization
  94. 9.8 Volcanoes on Other Planets
  95. Chapter 9: Practice What You Know
  96. Chapter 10: A Violent Pulse: Earthquakes
  97. 10.1 Introduction
  98. 10.2 What Causes Earthquakes?
  99. 10.3 Seismic Waves and Their Measurement
  100. 10.4 Defining the “Size” of Earthquakes
  101. 10.5 Where and Why Do Earthquakes Occur?
  102. 10.6 How Do Earthquakes Cause Damage?
  103. 10.7 Can We Predict the “Big One”?
  104. 10.8 Earthquake Engineering and Zoning
  105. Chapter 10: Practice What You Know
  106. Interlude D: The Earth’s Interior, Revisited: Seismic Layering, Gravity, and the Magnetic Field
  107. D.1 Introduction
  108. D.2 The Basis for Seismic Study of the Earth’s Interior
  109. D.3 Seismic Study of the Earth’s Interior
  110. D.4 The Earth’s Gravity
  111. D.5 The Earth’s Magnetic Field, Revisited
  112. Interlude D: Practice What You Know
  113. Chapter 11: Crags, Cracks, and Crumples: Geologic Structures and Mountain Building
  114. 11.1 Introduction
  115. 11.2 Rock Deformation in the Earth’s Crust
  116. 11.3 Brittle Structures
  117. 11.4 Folds and Foliation
  118. 11.5 Causes of Mountain Building
  119. 11.6 Mountain Topography
  120. 11.7 Basins and Domes in Cratons
  121. 11.8 Life Story of a Mountain Range: A Case Study
  122. Chapter 11: Practice What You Know
  123. Part IV: History before History
  124. Interlude E: Memories of Past Life: Fossils and Evolution
  125. E.1 The Discovery of Fossils
  126. E.2 Fossilization
  127. E.3 Characterizing Life of the Past
  128. E.4 Evolution and Extinction
  129. Interlude E: Practice What You Know
  130. Chapter 12 Deep Time: How Old Is Old?
  131. 12.1 Introduction
  132. 12.2 The Concept of Geologic Time
  133. 12.3 Relative Age
  134. 12.4 Unconformities: Gaps in the Record
  135. 12.5 Stratigraphic Formations and Their Correlation
  136. 12.6 The Geologic Column
  137. 12.7 How Do We Determine Numerical Ages?
  138. 12.8 Numerical Ages and Geologic Time
  139. Chapter 12: Practice What You Know
  140. Chapter 13: A Biography of the Earth
  141. 13.1 Introduction
  142. 13.2 Methods for Studying the Past
  143. 13.3 The Hadean Eonand Before
  144. 13.4 The Archean Eon: Birth of Continents and Life
  145. 13.5 The Proterozoic Eon: The Earth in Transition
  146. 13.6 The Paleozoic Era: Continents Reassemble and Life Gets Complex
  147. 13.7 The Mesozoic Era: When Dinosaurs Ruled
  148. 13.8 The Cenozoic Era: The Modern World Comes to Be
  149. Chapter 13: Practice What You Know
  150. Part V: Earth Resources
  151. Chapter 14: Squeezing Power from a Stone: Energy Resources
  152. 14.1 Introduction
  153. 14.2 Sources of Energy in the Earth System
  154. 14.3 Introducing Hydrocarbon Resources
  155. 14.4 Conventional Hydrocarbon Systems
  156. 14.5 Unconventional Hydrocarbon Reserves
  157. 14.6 Coal: Energy from Swamps of the Past
  158. 14.7 Nuclear Power
  159. 14.8 Other Energy Sources
  160. 14.9 Energy Choices, Energy Problems
  161. Chapter 14: Practice What You Know
  162. Chapter 15: Riches in Rock: Mineral Resources
  163. 15.1 Introduction
  164. 15.2 Metals and Their Discovery
  165. 15.3 Ores, Ore Minerals, and Ore Deposits
  166. 15.4 Ore-Mineral Exploration and Production
  167. 15.5 Nonmetallic Mineral Resources
  168. 15.6 Global Mineral Needs
  169. Chapter 15: Practice What You Know
  170. Part VI: Processes and Problems at the Earth’s Surface
  171. Interlude F: Ever-Changing Landscapes and the Hydrologic Cycle
  172. F.1 Introduction
  173. F.2 Shaping the Earth’s Surface
  174. F.3 Factors Controlling Landscape Development
  175. F.4 The Hydrologic Cycle
  176. F.5 Landscapes of Other Planets
  177. Interlude F: Practice What You Know
  178. Chapter 16: Unsafe Ground: Landslides and Other Mass Wasting
  179. 16.1 Introduction
  180. 16.2 Types of Mass Wasting
  181. 16.3 Why Does Mass Wasting Occur?
  182. 16.4 Where Does Mass Wasting Occur?
  183. 16.5 How Can We Protect against Mass-Wasting Disasters?
  184. Chapter 16: Practice What You Know
  185. Chapter 17: Streams and Floods: The Geology of Running Water
  186. 17.1 Introduction
  187. 17.2 Draining the Land
  188. 17.3 Describing Flow in Streams
  189. 17.4 The Work of Running Water
  190. 17.5 How Do Streams Change along Their Length?
  191. 17.6 Streams and Their Deposits in the Landscape
  192. 17.7 The Evolution of Fluvial Landscapes
  193. 17.8 Raging Waters
  194. 17.9 Vanishing Rivers
  195. Chapter 17: Practice What You Know
  196. Chapter 18: Restless Realm: Oceans and Coasts
  197. 18.1 Introduction
  198. 18.2 Landscapes beneath the Sea
  199. 18.3 Ocean-Water Characteristics
  200. 18.4 Tides
  201. 18.5 Wave Action
  202. 18.6 Currents: Rivers in the Sea
  203. 18.7 Where Land Meets Sea: Coastal Landforms
  204. 18.8 Causes of Coastal Variation
  205. 18.9 Coastal Problems and Solutions
  206. Chapter 18: Practice What You Know
  207. Chapter 19: A Hidden Reserve: Groundwater
  208. 19.1 Introduction
  209. 19.2 Where Does Groundwater Reside?
  210. 19.3 Characteristics of the Water Table
  211. 19.4 Groundwater Flow
  212. 19.5 Tapping Groundwater Supplies
  213. 19.6 Hot Springs and Geysers
  214. 19.7 Groundwater Problems
  215. 19.8 Caves and Karst
  216. Chapter 19: Practice What You Know
  217. Chapter 20: An Envelope of Gas: The Earth’s Atmosphere and Climate
  218. 20.1 Introduction
  219. 20.2 The Formation of the Atmosphere
  220. 20.3 General Atmospheric Characteristics
  221. 20.4 Atmospheric Layers
  222. 20.5 Wind and Global Circulation in the Atmosphere
  223. 20.6 Weather and Its Causes
  224. 20.7 Storms: Nature’s Fury
  225. 20.8 Global Climate
  226. Chapter 20: Practice What You Know
  227. Chapter 21: Dry Regions: The Geology of Deserts
  228. 21.1 Introduction
  229. 21.2 The Nature and Location of Deserts
  230. 21.3 Producing Desert Landscapes
  231. 21.4 Deposition in Deserts
  232. 21.5 Desert Landforms and Life
  233. 21.6 Desert Problems
  234. Chapter 21: Practice What You Know
  235. Chapter 22: Amazing Ice: Glaciers and Ice Ages
  236. 22.1 Introduction
  237. 22.2 Ice and the Nature of Glaciers
  238. 22.3 Carving and Carrying by Ice
  239. 22.4 Deposition Associated with Glaciation
  240. 22.5 Consequences of Continental Glaciation
  241. 22.6 The Pleistocene Ice Age
  242. 22.7 The Causes of Ice Ages
  243. Chapter 22: Practice What You Know
  244. Chapter 23: Global Change in the Earth System
  245. 23.1 Introduction
  246. 23.2 Unidirectional Changes
  247. 23.3 Cyclic Changes
  248. 23.4 Global Climate Change
  249. 23.5 Human Impact on Land and Life
  250. 23.6 Recent Climate Change
  251. 23.7 The Future of the Earth
  252. Chapter 23: Practice What You Know
  253. Additional Charts: Metric Conversion Chart
  254. The Periodic Table of Elements
  255. Glossary
  256. Credits
  257. Index