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ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 007802577X
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0078025778
Author: Jan Williams (Author), Susan Haka (Author), Mark Bettner (Author), Joseph Carcello (Author)

With the seventeenth edition of Financial and Managerial Accounting: The Basis for Business Decisions, the Williams author team continues to be a solid foundation for students who are learning basic accounting concepts. Hallmarks of the text – including the solid Accounting Cycle Presentation, relevant pedagogy, and high quality, end-of-chapter material―have been updated throughout the book.

Table of Content:

CHAPTER 1. ACCOUNTING: INFORMATION FOR DECISION MAKING
Accounting Information: A Means to an End
Accounting from a User’s Perspective
Types of Accounting Information
Accounting Systems
Determining Information Needs
The Cost of Producing Accounting Information
Basic Functions of an Accounting System
Who Designs and Installs Accounting Systems?
Components of Internal Control
Financial Accounting Information
External Users of Accounting Information
Objectives of External Financial Reporting
Characteristics of Externally Reported Information
Management Accounting Information
Users of Internal Accounting Information
Objectives of Management Accounting Information
Characteristics of Management Accounting Information
Integrity of Accounting Information
Institutional Features
Professional Organizations
Competence, Judgment, and Ethical Behavior
Careers in Accounting
Public Accounting
Management Accounting
Governmental Accounting
Accounting Education
What about Bookkeeping?
Accounting as a Stepping-Stone
But What about Me? I’m Not an Accounting Major
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
Concluding Remarks
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 2. BASIC FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Introduction to Financial Statements
A Starting Point: Statement of Financial Position
Assets
Liabilities
Owners’ Equity
The Accounting Equation
The Effects of Business Transactions: An Illustration
Effects of These Business Transactions on the Accounting Equation
Income Statement
Statement of Cash Flows
Relationships among Financial Statements
Financial Analysis and Decision Making
Forms of Business Organization
Sole Proprietorships
Partnerships
Corporations
Reporting Ownership Equity in the Statement of Financial Position
The Use of Financial Statements by External Parties
The Need for Adequate Disclosure
Management’s Interest in Financial Statements
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
Concluding Remarks
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 3. THE ACCOUNTING CYCLE: CAPTURING ECONOMIC EVENTS
The Accounting Cycle
The Role of Accounting Records
The Ledger
The Use of Accounts
Debit and Credit Entries
Double-Entry Accounting—The Equality of Debits and Credits
The Journal
Posting Journal Entries to the Ledger Accounts (and How to “Read” a Journal Entry)
Recording Balance Sheet Transactions: An Illustration
Ledger Accounts after Posting
What Is Net Income?
Retained Earnings
The Income Statement: A Preview
Revenue
Expenses
The Accrual Basis of Accounting
Debit and Credit Rules for Revenue and Expenses
Dividends
Recording Income Statement Transactions: An Illustration
The Journal
February’s Ledger Balances
The Trial Balance
Uses and Limitations of the Trial Balance
Concluding Remarks
The Accounting Cycle in Perspective
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 4. THE ACCOUNTING CYCLE: ACCRUALS AND DEFERRALS
Adjusting Entries
The Need for Adjusting Entries
Types of Adjusting Entries
Adjusting Entries and Timing Differences
Characteristics of Adjusting Entries
Year-End at Overnight Auto Service
Converting Assets to Expenses
The Concept of Depreciation
Converting Liabilities to Revenue
Accruing Unpaid Expenses
Accruing Uncollected Revenue
Accruing Income Taxes Expense: The Final Adjusting Entry
Adjusting Entries and Accounting Principles
The Concept of Materiality
Effects of the Adjusting Entries
Concluding Remarks
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 5. THE ACCOUNTING CYCLE: REPORTING FINANCIAL RESULTS
Preparing Financial Statements
The Income Statement
The Statement of Retained Earnings
The Balance Sheet
Relationships among the Financial Statements
Drafting the Notes That Accompany Financial Statements
What Types of Information Must Be Disclosed?
Closing the Temporary Accounts
Closing Entries for Revenue Accounts
Closing Entries for Expense Accounts
Closing the Income Summary Account
Closing the Dividends Account
Summary of the Closing Process
After-Closing Trial Balance
A Last Look at Overnight: Was 2015 a Good Year?
Financial Analysis and Decision Making
Preparing Financial Statements Covering Different Periods of Time
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
Concluding Remarks
Supplemental Topic: The Worksheet
Isn’t This Really a Spreadsheet?
How Is a Worksheet Used?
The Mechanics: How It’s Done
What If: A Special Application of Worksheet Software
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
COMPREHENSIVE PROBLEM 1: Susquehanna Equipment Rentals
CHAPTER 6. MERCHANDISING ACTIVITIES
Merchandising Companies
The Operating Cycle of a Merchandising Company
Income Statement of a Merchandising Company
Accounting System Requirements for Merchandising Companies
Two Approaches Used in Accounting for Merchandise Inventories
Perpetual Inventory Systems
Taking a Physical Inventory
Closing Entries in a Perpetual Inventory System
Periodic Inventory Systems
Operation of a Periodic Inventory System
Closing Process in a Periodic Inventory System
Comparison of Perpetual and Periodic Inventory Systems
Selecting an Inventory System
Transactions Relating to Purchases
Credit Terms and Cash Discounts
Returns of Unsatisfactory Merchandise
Transportation Costs on Purchases
Transactions Relating to Sales
Sales Returns and Allowances
Sales Discounts
Delivery Expenses
Accounting for Sales Taxes
Modifying an Accounting System
Special Journals Provide Speed and Efficiency
Financial Analysis and Decision Making
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
Concluding Remarks
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 7. FINANCIAL ASSETS
How Much Cash Should a Business Have?
The Valuation of Financial Assets
Cash
Reporting Cash in the Balance Sheet
Cash Management
Internal Control over Cash
Bank Statements
Reconciling the Bank Statement
Short-Term Investments
Accounting for Marketable Securities
Purchase of Marketable Securities
Recognition of Investment Revenue
Sale of Investments
Adjusting Marketable Securities to Market Value
Accounts Receivable
Internal Control over Receivables
Uncollectible Accounts
The Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Writing Off an Uncollectible Account Receivable
Monthly Estimates of Credit Losses
Recovery of an Account Receivable Previously Written Off
Direct Write-Off Method
Factoring Accounts Receivable
Credit Card Sales
Notes Receivable and Interest Revenue
Nature of Interest
Accounting for Notes Receivable
Financial Analysis and Decision Making
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
Concluding Remarks
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 8. INVENTORIES AND THE COST OF GOODS SOLD
Inventory Defined
The Flow of Inventory Costs
Which Unit Did We Sell?
Data for an Illustration
Specific Identification
Cost Flow Assumptions
Average-Cost Method
First-In, First-Out Method
Last-In, First-Out Method
Evaluation of the Methods
Do Inventory Methods Really Affect Performance?
The Principle of Consistency
Just-in-Time (JIT) Inventory Systems
Taking a Physical Inventory
Recording Shrinkage Losses
LCM and Other Write-Downs of Inventory
The Year-End Cutoff of Transactions
Periodic Inventory Systems
International Financial Reporting Standards
Importance of an Accurate Valuation of Inventory
Techniques for Estimating the Cost of Goods Sold and the Ending Inventory
The Gross Profit Method
The Retail Method
“Textbook” Inventory Systems Can Be Modified … and They Often Are
Financial Analysis and Decision Making
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
Concluding Remarks
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
COMPREHENSIVE PROBLEM 2: Music-Is-Us, Inc.
CHAPTER 9. PLANT AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Plant Assets as a “Stream of Future Services”
Major Categories of Plant Assets
Accountable Events in the Lives of Plant Assets
Acquisitions of Plant Assets
Determining Cost: An Example
Some Special Considerations
Capital Expenditures and Revenue Expenditures
Depreciation
Allocating the Cost of Plant and Equipment over the Years of Use
Causes of Depreciation
Methods of Computing Depreciation
The Straight-Line Method
The Declining-Balance Method
Which Depreciation Methods Do Most Businesses Use?
Financial Statement Disclosures
The Impairment of Plant Assets
Other Depreciation Methods
The Units-of-Output Method
MACRS
Sum-of-the-Years’ Digits
Decelerated Depreciation Methods
Depreciation Methods in Use: A Survey
Disposal of Plant and Equipment
Gains and Losses on the Disposal of Plant and Equipment
Trading in Used Assets for New Ones
International Financial Reporting Standards
Intangible Assets
Characteristics
Operating Expenses versus Intangible Assets
Amortization
Goodwill
Patents
Trademarks and Trade Names
Franchises
Copyrights
Other Intangibles and Deferred Charges
Research and Development (R&D) Costs
Financial Analysis and Decision Making
Natural Resources
Accounting for Natural Resources
Depreciation, Amortization, and Depletion—A Common Goal
Plant Transactions and the Statement of Cash Flows
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
Concluding Remarks
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 10. LIABILITIES
The Nature of Liabilities
Current Liabilities
Accounts Payable
Notes Payable
The Current Portion of Long-Term Debt
Accrued Liabilities
Payroll Liabilities
Unearned Revenue
Long-Term Liabilities
Maturing Obligations Intended to Be Refinanced
Installment Notes Payable
Bonds Payable
What Are Bonds?
Tax Advantage of Bond Financing
Accounting for Bonds Payable
Bonds Issued at a Discount or a Premium
Accounting for a Bond Discount: An Illustration
Accounting for a Bond Premium: An Illustration
Bond Discount and Premium in Perspective
The Concept of Present Value
Bond Prices after Issuance
Early Retirement of Bonds Payable
Estimated Liabilities, Loss Contingencies, and Commitments
Estimated Liabilities
Loss Contingencies
Commitments
Evaluating the Safety of Creditors’ Claims
Methods of Determining Creditworthiness
How Much Debt Should a Business Have?
Financial Analysis and Decision Making
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
Special Types of Liabilities
Lease Payment Obligations
Operating Leases
Capital Leases
Liabilities for Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits
Deferred Income Taxes
Concluding Remarks
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 11. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY: PAID-IN CAPITAL
Corporations
Why Businesses Incorporate
Publicly Owned Corporations
Formation of a Corporation
Stockholder Records in a Corporation
Paid-In Capital of a Corporation
Authorization and Issuance of Capital Stock
Common Stock and Preferred Stock
Characteristics of Preferred Stock
Book Value per Share of Common Stock
Market Value
Market Price of Preferred Stock
Market Price of Common Stock
Book Value and Market Price
Stock Splits
Treasury Stock
Recording Purchases of Treasury Stock
Reissuance of Treasury Stock
Stock Buyback Programs
Financial Analysis and Decision Making
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
Concluding Remarks
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
COMPREHENSIVE PROBLEM 3: Springdale Retail, Inc.
CHAPTER 12. INCOME AND CHANGES IN RETAINED EARNINGS
Reporting the Results of Operations
Developing Predictive Information
Reporting Irregular Items: An Illustration
Continuing Operations
Discontinued Operations
Extraordinary Items
Earnings per Share (EPS)
Financial Analysis and Decision Making
Other Transactions Affecting Retained Earnings
Cash Dividends
Dividend Dates
Liquidating Dividends
Stock Dividends
Statement of Retained Earnings
Prior Period Adjustments
Comprehensive Income
Statement of Stockholders’ Equity
Stockholders’ Equity Section of the Balance Sheet
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
Concluding Remarks
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 13. STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Statement of Cash Flows
Purposes of the Statement
Example of a Statement of Cash Flows
Classification of Cash Flows
Preparing a Statement of Cash Flows
Operating Activities
Investing Activities
Financing Activities
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Cash Payments for Merchandise and for Expenses
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
Relationship between the Statement of Cash Flows and the Balance Sheet
Reporting Operating Cash Flows by the Indirect Method
Reconciling Net Income with Net Cash Flows
The Indirect Method: A Summary
Indirect Method May Be Required in a Supplementary Schedule
The Statement of Cash Flows: A Second Look
Financial Analysis and Decision Making
Managing Cash Flows
Budgeting: The Primary Cash Management Tool
What Priority Should Managers Give to Increasing Net Cash Flows?
Some Strategies for Permanent Improvements in Cash Flow
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
A Worksheet for Preparing a Statement of Cash Flows
Data for an Illustration
The Worksheet
Entry
Concluding Remarks
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 14. FINANCIAL STATEMENT ANALYSIS
Financial Statements Are Designed for Analysis
Tools of Analysis
Dollar and Percentage Changes
Trend Percentages
Component Percentages
Ratios
Standards of Comparison
Quality of Earnings
Quality of Assets and the Relative Amount of Debt
Measures of Liquidity and Credit Risk
A Classified Balance Sheet
Working Capital
Current Ratio
Quick Ratio
Debt Ratio
Evaluating Financial Ratios
Liquidity, Credit Risk, and the Law
Measures of Profitability
Classifications in the Income Statement
Multiple-Step Income Statements
Earnings per Share
Price-Earnings Ratio
Single-Step Income Statements
Evaluating the Adequacy of Net Income
Return on Investment (ROI)
Return on Assets (ROA)
Return on Equity (ROE)
Comprehensive Illustration: Seacliff Company
Analysis by Common Stockholders
Return on Investment (ROI)
Leverage
Analysis by Long-Term Creditors
Analysis by Short-Term Creditors
Cash Flow Analysis
Usefulness of Notes to Financial Statements
International Financial Reporting Standards
Summary of Analytical Measurements
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
Concluding Remarks
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
COMPREHENSIVE PROBLEM 4: Home Depot, Inc.
CHAPTER 15. GLOBAL BUSINESS AND ACCOUNTING
Globalization
Environmental Forces Shaping Globalization
Political and Legal Systems
Economic Systems
Culture
Technology and Infrastructure
Harmonization of Financial Reporting Standards
International Financial Reporting Standards: Adoption or Convergence
Foreign Currencies and Exchange Rates
Exchange Rates
Accounting for Transactions with Foreign Companies
Currency Fluctuations—Who Wins and Who Loses?
Consolidated Financial Statements That Include Foreign Subsidiaries
Global Sourcing
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
Concluding Remarks
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 16. MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING: A BUSINESS PARTNER
Management Accounting: Basic Framework
Management Accounting’s Role in Assigning Decision-Making Authority
Management Accounting’s Role in Decision Making
Management Accounting’s Role in Performance Evaluation and Rewards
Accounting Systems: A Business Partner
Accounting for Manufacturing Operations
Classifications of Manufacturing Costs
Product Costs versus Period Costs
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
Product Costs and the Matching Principle
Inventories of a Manufacturing Business
The Flow of Costs Parallels the Flow of Physical Goods
Accounting for Manufacturing Costs: An Illustration
Direct Materials
Direct Labor
Manufacturing Overhead
Direct and Indirect Manufacturing Costs
Work in Process Inventory, Finished Goods Inventory, and the Cost of Goods Sold
The Need for Per-Unit Cost Data
Determining the Cost of Finished Goods Manufactured
Financial Statements of a Manufacturing Company
Concluding Remarks
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 17. JOB ORDER COST SYSTEMS AND OVERHEAD ALLOCATIONS
Cost Accounting Systems
Job Order Cost Systems and the Creation of Goods and Services
Overhead Application Rates
What “Drives” Overhead Costs?
Job Order Costing
The Job Cost Sheet
Flow of Costs in Job Costing: An Illustration
Accounting for Direct Materials
Accounting for Direct Labor Costs
Accounting for Overhead Costs
Accounting for Completed Jobs
Job Order Costing in Service Industries
Activity-Based Costing (ABC)
ABC versus a Single Application Rate: A Comparison
Stage 1: Separate Activity Cost Pools
Stage 2: Allocate Activity Cost Pools to the Products
Determining Unit Costs Using ABC
The Trend toward More Informative Cost Accounting Systems
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
Concluding Remarks
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 18. PROCESS COSTING
Production of Goods and Services and Costing Systems
Process Costing
Tracking the Physical Flow and Related Production Costs
Process Costing and Equivalent Units
Cost per Equivalent Unit
Tracking Costs Using a Process Costing Production Report
Evaluating Departmental Efficiency
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
Concluding Remarks
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 19. COSTING AND THE VALUE CHAIN
The Value Chain
International Financial Reporting Standards and the Value Chain
Value- and Non-Value-Added Activities
Activity-Based Management
Activity-Based Management across the Value Chain
ABC: A Subset of Activity-Based Management
The Target Costing Process
Components of the Target Costing Process
Target Costing: An Illustration
Characteristics of the Target Costing Process
Just-in-Time Inventory Procedures
JIT, Supplier Relationships, and Product Quality
Measures of Efficiency in a JIT System
Total Quality Management and the Value Chain
Components of the Cost of Quality
Measuring the Cost of Quality
Productivity and Quality
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
Concluding Remarks
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 20. COST-VOLUME-PROFIT ANALYSIS
Cost-Volume Relationships
Fixed Costs (and Fixed Expenses)
Cost-Volume Relationships: A Graphic Analysis
The Behavior of Per-Unit Costs
Economies of Scale
Additional Cost Behavior Patterns
Cost Behavior and Operating Income
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis: An Illustration
Preparing and Using a Cost-Volume-Profit Graph
Contribution Margin: A Key Relationship
How Many Units Must We Sell?
How Many Dollars in Sales Must We Generate?
What Is Our Margin of Safety?
What Change in Operating Income Do We Anticipate?
Business Applications of CVP
Additional Considerations in CVP
CVP Analysis When a Company Sells Many Products
Determining Semivariable Cost Elements: The High-Low Method
Assumptions Underlying Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Summary of Basic Cost-Volume-Profit Relationships
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
Concluding Remarks
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 21. INCREMENTAL ANALYSIS
The Challenge of Changing Markets
The Concept of Relevant Cost Information
Relevant Information in Business Decisions
International Financial Reporting Standards and Relevant Costs
A Simple Illustration of Relevant Costs
Opportunity Costs
Sunk Costs versus Out-of-Pocket Costs
Incremental Analysis in Common Business Decisions
Special Order Decisions
Production Constraint Decisions
Make or Buy Decisions
Sell, Scrap, or Rebuild Decisions
Joint Product Decisions
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
Concluding Remarks
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
COMPREHENSIVE PROBLEM 5: The Gilster Company
CHAPTER 22. RESPONSIBILITY ACCOUNTING AND TRANSFER PRICING
Responsibility Centers
The Need for Information about Responsibility Center Performance
Cost Centers, Profit Centers, and Investment Centers
Responsibility Accounting Systems
Responsibility Accounting: An Illustration
Assigning Revenue and Costs to Responsibility Centers
Variable Costs
Contribution Margin
Fixed Costs
Traceable Fixed Costs
Common Fixed Costs
Responsibility Margin
When Is a Responsibility Center “Unprofitable”?
Evaluating Responsibility Center Managers
Arguments against Allocating Common Fixed Costs to Business Centers
Transfer Prices
Nonfinancial Objectives and Information
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
Responsibility Center Reporting in Financial Statements
International Financial Reporting Standards and Responsibility Center Reporting
Concluding Remarks
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 23. OPERATIONAL BUDGETING
Profit Rich, Yet Cash Poor
Operating Cash Flows: The Lifeblood of Survival
Budgeting: The Basis for Planning and Control
Benefits Derived from Budgeting
Establishing Budgeted Amounts
The Budget Period
The Master Budget: A Package of Related Budgets
Steps in Preparing a Master Budget
Preparing the Master Budget: An Illustration
Operating Budget Estimates
Budgeted Income Statement
Cash Budget Estimates
The Cash Budget
Budgeted Balance Sheets
Using Budgets Effectively
Flexible Budgeting
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
Concluding Remarks
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 24. STANDARD COST SYSTEMS
Standard Cost Systems
Establishing and Revising Standard Costs
Direct Materials Standards
Direct Labor Standards
Manufacturing Overhead Standards
Standard Costs and Variance Analysis: An Illustration
Materials Price and Quantity Variances
Labor Rate and Efficiency Variances
Manufacturing Overhead Variances
Valuation of Finished Goods
Evaluating Cost Variances from Different Perspectives
A Final Note: JIT Systems and Variance Analysis
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
Concluding Remarks
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 25. REWARDING BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
Motivation and Aligning Goals and Objectives
Communicating Goals and Objectives
Accounting Information and Feedback about Goal Achievement
Rewarding Goal Achievement
The DuPont System
Return on Investment
The Components of Return on Investment
Return on Sales
Capital Turnover
Criticisms of ROI
The Short Horizon Problem
Failing to Undertake Profitable Investments
Measurement Problems
Residual Income and Economic Value Added
Residual Income
Economic Value Added
The Balanced Scorecard
The Financial Perspective
The Customer Perspective
The Business Process Perspective
The Learning and Growth Perspective
Difficulties with the Balanced Scorecard
Management Compensation
Components of Management Compensation
International Financial Reporting Standards and Management Compensation
Design Choices for Management Compensation
Goals and Rewards in Life
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
Concluding Remarks
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
COMPREHENSIVE PROBLEM 6: Utease Corporation
CHAPTER 26. CAPITAL BUDGETING
Capital Investment Decisions
Financial and Nonfinancial Considerations
Evaluating Capital Investment Proposals: An Illustration
Payback Period
Return on Average Investment
Discounting Future Cash Flows
Replacing Assets
Behavioral Considerations in Capital Budgeting
Concluding Remarks
A Comment from the Authors
Ethics, Fraud, & Corporate Governance
End-of-Chapter Review
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
APPENDIX A. HOME DEPOT 2012 FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
APPENDIX B. THE TIME VALUE OF MONEY: FUTURE AMOUNTS AND PRESENT VALUES
The Concept
Relationships between Present Values and Future Amounts
Compound Interest
Applications of the Time Value of Money Concept
Future Amounts
The Tables Approach
The Future Amount of an Annuity
Interest Periods of Less Than One Year
Present Values
Using Present Value Tables
What Is the Appropriate Discount Rate?
The Present Value of an Annuity
Discount Periods of Less Than One Year
Valuation of Financial Instruments
Interest-Bearing Receivables and Payables
“Non-Interest-Bearing” Notes
Market Prices of Bonds
Capital Leases
Obligations for Postretirement Benefits
Assignment Material Discussion Questions
APPENDIX C. FORMS OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATION
Importance of Business Form
Sole Proprietorships
The Concept of the Separate Business Entity
Characteristics of a Sole Proprietorship
Unlimited Personal Liability
Accounting Practices of Sole Proprietorships
Evaluating the Financial Statements of a Proprietorship
Partnerships
General Partnerships
Partnerships That Limit Personal Liability
Accounting Practices of Partnerships
Evaluating the Financial Statements of a Partnership
Corporations
What Is a Corporation?
Stockholders’ Liability for Debts of a Corporation
What Types of Businesses Choose the Corporate Form of Organization?
Accounting for Corporate Income Taxes
Salaries Paid to Owners
Owners’ Equity in a Corporate Balance Sheet
The Issuance of Capital Stock
Retained Earnings
Accounting for Dividends
Closing Entries and the Statement of Retained Earnings
Evaluating the Financial Statements of a Corporation
The Concept—and the Problem—of “Double Taxation”
S Corporations
Selecting an Appropriate Form of Business Organization
Incorporating an Established Business
Supplemental Topic: Partnership Accounting—A Closer Look
Opening the Accounts of a New Partnership
Allocating Partnership Net Income among the Partners
Assignment Material Discussion Questions