Name: Test Bank for Discovering the Life Span 4th Edition by Feldman
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ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 0134577655
ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-0134577654
Author: Robert S. Feldman

A modular, manageable, meaningful survey of the life span
Discovering the Life Span provides a broad overview of the entire range of the human life, from the moment of conception through death. Utilizing a flexible, modular organization, author Robert Feldman covers the life span chronologically and focuses on physical, cognitive, and social and personality development within each stage of life. Feldman’s engaging and accessible writing style makes the material meaningful to students, and prepares them to apply content to their personal and future professional lives. In order to provide an up-to-date snapshot of the discipline, the Fourth Edition includes hundreds of new citations as well as coverage of a number of engaging contemporary topics.

Table of Content:

Chapter 1 Introduction
Module 1.1 Beginnings
An Orientation to Lifespan Development
Characterizing Lifespan Development: The Scope of the Field
Cohort and Other Influences on Development: Developing With Others in a Social World
Cultural Dimensions: How Culture, Ethnicity, and Race Influence Development
Key Issues and Questions: Determining the Nature—and Nurture—of Lifespan Development
Continuous Change Versus Discontinuous Change
Critical and Sensitive Periods: Gauging the Impact of Environmental Events
Lifespan Approaches Versus a Focus on Particular Periods
The Relative Influence of Nature and Nurture on Development
Review, Check, and Apply
Module 1.2 Theoretical Perspectives on Lifespan Development
The Psychodynamic, Behavioral, and Cognitive Perspectives
The Psychodynamic Perspective: Focusing on the Inner Person
The Behavioral Perspective: Focusing on Observable Behavior
The Cognitive Perspective: Examining the Roots of Understanding
The Humanistic, Contextual, and Evolutionary Perspectives
The Humanistic Perspective: Concentrating on Uniquely Human Qualities
The Contextual Perspective: Taking a Broad Approach to Development
Evolutionary Perspectives: Our Ancestors’ Contributions to Behavior
Why “Which Approach Is Right?” Is the Wrong Question
Review, Check, and Apply
Module 1.3 Research Methods
Theories, Hypotheses, and Correlational Studies
Theories and Hypotheses: Posing Developmental Questions
Choosing a Research Strategy: Answering Questions
Correlational Studies
Experiments: Determining Cause and Effect
The Basics of Experiments
Theoretical and Applied Research: Complementary Approaches
From Research to Practice
Measuring Developmental Change
Ethics and Research
Becoming an Informed Consumer of Developmentthinking Critically About “Expert” Advice
Review, Check, and Apply
Summary 1: Putting It All Together: Introduction
Chapter 2 The Start of Life
Module 2.1 Prenatal Development
Earliest Development
Genes and Chromosomes: The Code of Life
The Basics of Genetics: The Mixing and Matching of Traits
Genetic Counseling: Predicting the Future From the Genes of the Present
From Research to Practice: Prenatal Screenings Are Not Diagnoses
The Interaction of Heredity and Environment
The Role of the Environment in Determining the Expression of Genes: From Genotypes to Phenotypes
Genetics and the Environment: Working Together
Cultural Dimensions: Cultural Differences in Physical Arousal: Might a Culture’s Philosophicaloutl
Can Genes Influence the Environment?
Review, Check, and Apply
Module 2.2 Prenatal Growth and Change
The Prenatal Period
The Moment of Conception and the Onset of Development
Pregnancy Problems
The Prenatal Environment: Threats to Development
Becoming an Informed Consumer of Developmentoptimizing the Prenatal environment
Review, Check, and Apply
Module 2.3 Birth and the Newborn Infant
Birth
From Labor to Delivery
Approaches to Childbirth: Where Medicine and Attitudes Meet
Becoming an Informed Consumer of DevelopmentDealing With labor
Birth Complications
Preterm Infants and Postmature Babies
Cesarean Delivery: Intervening in the Process of Birth
Stillbirth, Infant Mortality, and Postpartum Depression
Cultural Dimensions: Overcoming Racial and Cultural Differences in Infant Mortality
The Competent Newborn
Physical Competence: Meeting the Demands of a New Environment
Sensory Capabilities: Experiencing the World
Early Learning Capabilities
Social Competence: Responding to Others
Review, Check, and Apply
Summary 2: Putting It All Together: The Start of Life
Chapter 3 Infancy
Growth and Stability
Physical Growth: The Rapid Advances of Infancy
The Nervous System and Brain: The Foundations of Development
Integrating the Bodily Systems: The Life Cycles of Infancy
Motor Development
Reflexes: Our Inborn Physical Skills
Motor Development in Infancy: Landmarks of Physical Achievement
Nutrition in Infancy: Fueling Motor Development
Cultural Dimensions: Motor Development Across Cultures
The Development of the Senses
Experiencing the World: The Sensory Capabilities of Infants
Multimodal Perception: Combining Individual Sensory Inputs
Becoming an Informed Consumer of DevelopmentExercising Your Infant’s Body and Senses
Review, Check, and Apply
Module 3.2 Cognitive Development in Infancy
Piaget’s Approach to Cognitive Development
Key Elements of Piaget’s Theory
Appraising Piaget: Support and Challenges
Information-Processing Approaches to Cognitive Development
The Foundations of Information Processing: Encoding, Storage, and Retrieval
From Research to PracticeBrain growth May Be responsible for Infantile Amnesia
Individual Differences in Intelligence: Is One Infant Smarter Than Another?
Becoming an Informed Consumer of Development: What Can You Do to Promote Infants’ Cognitive Develo
The Roots of Language
The Fundamentals of Language: From Sounds to Symbols
The Origins of Language Development
Cultural Dimensions: Is Infant-Directed Speech Similar Across All Cultures?
Review, Check, and Apply
Module 3.3 Social and Personality Development in Infancy
Developing the Roots of Sociability
Emotions in Infancy: Do Infants Experience Emotional Highs and Lows?
The Development of Self
Forming Relationships
Attachment: Forming Social Bonds
Cultural Dimensions: Does Attachment Differ Across Cultures?
Infants’ Sociability With Their Peers: Infant–Infant Interaction
Differences Among Infants
Personality Development: The Characteristics That Make Infants Unique
Family Life in the 21st Century
Becoming an Informed Consumer of Development: Choosing the Right Infant Care Provider
Review, Check, and Apply
Summary 3: Putting It All Together: Infancy
Chapter 4 The Preschool Years
Module 4.1 Physical Development in the PreschoolYears
The Growing Body
Becoming an Informed Consumer of Developmentkeeping Preschoolers healthy
Changes in Body Shape and Nutrition
Health and Illness
The Growing Brain
Brain Lateralization
The Links Between Brain Growth and Cognitive Development
Motor Development
Gross Motor Skills
Fine Motor Skills
Review, Check, and Apply
Module 4.2 Cognitive Development in the Preschool Years
Piaget’s Approach to Cognitive Development
Piaget’s Stage of Preoperational Thinking
Evaluating Piaget’s Approach to Cognitive Development
Alternative Approaches: InformationProcessing Theory and Vygotsky
Information-Processing Approaches to Cognitive Development
Vygotsky’s View of Cognitive Development: Taking Culture Into Account
The Growth of Language and Learning
Language Development
Informal and Formal Learning
Cultural Dimensions: Preschools Around the World: Why Does the United Stateslag Behind?
Review, Check, and Apply
Module 4.3 Social and Personality Development in the Preschool Years
Forming a Sense of Self
Self-Concept in the Preschool Years
Cultural Dimensions: Developing racial and ethnic awareness
Gender Identity: Developing Femaleness and Maleness
Friends and Family: Preschoolers’ Social Lives
The Development of Friendships
Preschoolers’ Theory of Mind: Understanding What Others Are Thinking
From Research to Practice: How Children Learn to Become Better Liars
Preschoolers’ Family Lives
Becoming an Informed Consumer of Development: Disciplining Children
Child Abuse, Neglect, and Resilience: The Hidden Side of Family Life
Moral Development and Aggression
Developing Morality: Following Society’s Rights and Wrongs
Aggression and Violence in Preschoolers: Sources and Consequences
Becoming an Informed Consumer of Development: Increasing Moral Behavior and Reducing Aggressionin Pr
Review, Check, and Apply
Summary 4: Putting It All Together: The Preschool Years
Chapter 5 Middle Childhood
Module 5.1 Physical Development in Middle Childhood
The Growing Body
Height and Weight Changes
Nutrition and Obesity
Becoming an Informed Consumer of Development: Keeping Children Fit
Motor Development and Safety
Leaps and Bounds: The Rapid Growth of Motor Skills
Health and Safety During Middle Childhood
Children With Special Needs
Sensory Difficulties and Learning Disabilities
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Review, Check, and Apply
Module 5.2 Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
Intellectual and Language Development
Perspectives on Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
Language Development: What Words Mean
Schooling: The Three Rs (and More) of Middle Childhood
Reading: Learning to Decipher the Meaning Behind Words
Educational Trends: Beyond the Three Rs
Cultural Dimensions: Multicultural education
Intelligence: Determining Individual Strengths
Intelligence Benchmarks: Differentiating the Intelligent From the Unintelligent
Below and Above Intelligence Norms: Intellectual Disabilities and Intellectual Giftedness
Review, Check, and Apply
Module 5.3 Social and Personality Development in Middle Childhood
The Developing Self
A Different Mirror: The Changing Ways Children View Themselves
From Research to Practice The Danger of Inflated Praise
Cultural Dimensions: Are Children of Immigrant Families Well Adjusted?
Moral Development
Relationships: Building Friendship in Middle Childhood
Stages of Friendship: Changing Views of Friends
Becoming an Informed Consumer of Development: Increasing Children’s Social Competence
Gender, Race, and Friendships
Family Life in Middle Childhood
Families Today: A Variety of Constellations
Challenges to Family Life
Review, Check, and Apply
Summary 5: Putting It All Together: Middle Childhood
Chapter 6 Adolescence
Module 6.1 Physical Development in Adolescence
Physical Maturation
Growth During Adolescence: The Rapid Pace of Physical and Sexual Maturation
Nutrition, Food, and Eating Disorders: Fueling the Growth of Adolescence
Brain Development and Thought: Paving the Way for Cognitive Growth
Threats to Adolescents’ Well-Being
Drugs, Alcohol, and Tobacco
Becoming an Informed Consumer of Development: Hooked on drugs or Alcohol?
Sexually Transmitted Infections
Cultural Dimensions: Selling death: Pushing Smoking to the less Advantaged
Review, Check, and Apply
Module 6.2 Cognitive Development in Adolescence
Cognitive Development
Piagetian Approaches to Cognitive Development: Using Formal Operations
Information-Processing Perspectives: Gradual Transformations in Abilities
School Performance
Adolescent School Performance: A Complex Picture
Adolescents’ Media Use
Review, Check, and Apply
Module 6.3 Social and Personality Development in Adolescence
Identity: Asking “Who Am I?”
Self-Concept and Self-Esteem
Perspectives on Identity Formation
Depression and Suicide: Psychological Difficulties in Adolescence
Becoming an Informed Consumer of Development: Preventing Adolescent Suicide
Relationships: Family and Friends
Family Ties: Changing Relations With Relations
Relationships With Peers: The Importance of Belonging
From Research to Practice Empathy in Adolescence
Cultural Dimensions Race Segregation: The Great Divide of Adolescence
Dating, Sexual Behavior, and Teenage Pregnancy
Dating: Close Relationships in the Twenty-First Century
Sexual Relationships
Review, Check, and Apply
Summary 6: Putting It All Together: Adolescence
Chapter 7 Early Adulthood
Module 7.1 Physical Development in Early Adulthood
Physical Development and Health
Physical Changes and Challenges
Fitness, Diet, and Health
Cultural Dimensions: How Cultural Beliefs Influence Health and Health Care
Stress and Coping: Dealing With Life’s Challenges
The Origins and Consequences of Stress
Coping With Stress
Review, Check, and Apply
Module 7.2 Cognitive Development in Early Adulthood
Cognitive Development and Intelligence
Intellectual Growth and Postformal Thought
Intelligence: What Matters in Early Adulthood?
College: Pursuing Higher Education
The Demographics of Higher Education: Who Attends College?
The Effects of Gender Bias and Negative Stereotypes on College Performance
Becoming an Informed Consumer of Development: When Do College Students Need Professional Help With t
Review, Check, and Apply
Module 7.3 Social and Personality Development in Early Adulthood
Forging Relationships: Intimacy, Liking, and Loving During Early Adulthood
Intimacy, Friendship, and Love
From Research to Practice: Emerging Adulthood: not Quite there Yet!
The Faces of Love
Choosing a Partner: Recognizing Mr. or Ms. Right
Cultural Dimensions: Gay and Lesbian Relationships: Men With Men and Women With Women
The Course of Relationships
Cohabitation, Marriage, and Other Relationship Choices: Sorting Out the Options of Early Adulthood
Parenthood: Choosing to Have Children
Work: Choosing and Embarking on a Career
The Role of Work
Picking an Occupation: Choosing Life’s Work
Review, Check, and Apply
Summary 7: Putting It All Together: Early Adulthood
Chapter 8 Middle Adulthood
Module 8.1 Physical Development in Middle Adulthood
Physical Development and Sexuality
Physical Transitions: The Gradual Change in the Body’s Capabilities
Sexuality in Middle Adulthood: The True, the False, and the Controversial
Health
Wellness and Illness: The Ups and Downs of Middle Adulthood
Heart Disease and Cancer: The Big Worries of Middle Adulthood
Cultural Dimensions: Individual Variation in Health: Ethnic and Gender Differences
Intelligence and Memory
Does Intelligence Decline in Adulthood?
How Does Aging Affect Memory?
Becoming an Informed Consumer of Development: Effective Strategies for Remembering
Review, Check, and Apply
Module 8.3 Social and Personality Development in Middle Adulthood
Personality Development
Perspectives on Adult Personality Development
Cultural Dimensions: Middle Age: In Some Cultures It Doesn’t Exist
Stability Versus Change in Personality
Relationships: Family in Middle Age
Marriage and Divorce
Family Evolutions
Family Violence: The Hidden Epidemic
Becoming an Informed Consumer of Development Dealing With Spousal Abuse
Work and Leisure
Work in Middle Adulthood: The Good and the Bad
Cultural Dimensions: Immigrants on the Job: Making it in America
Leisure Time: Life Beyond Work
Review, Check, and Apply
Summary 8: Putting It All Together: Middle Adulthood
Chapter 9 Late Adulthood
Module 9.1 Physical Development in Late Adulthood
Physical Development in Late Adulthood
Aging: Myth and Reality
Physical Transitions in Older People
The Senses: Sight, Sound, Taste, and Smell
The Impact of Aging on Health
Health Problems and Wellness in Older People
Becoming an Informed Consumer of Development: Caring for People With Alzheimer’s Disease
Approaches to Aging: Why Is Death Inevitable?
Cultural Dimensions: Gender, Race, and Ethnic Differences in Average Life Expectancy: Separate Lives
Review, Check, and Apply
Module 9.2 Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood
Intelligence
Cognitive Functioning in Older People
Recent Conclusions About the Nature of Intelligence in Late Adulthood
Memory and Learning
Memory
Never Too Late to Learn
Review, Check, and Apply
Module 9.3 Social and Personality Development in Late Adulthood
Personality Development and Successful Aging
Continuity and Change in Personality During Late Adulthood
Age Stratification Approaches to Late Adulthood
Cultural Dimension: Show Culture Shapes the Way We Treat People in Late Adulthood
Does Age Bring Wisdom?
Successful Aging: What Is the Secret?
From Research to Practice: Is Age really Just a State of Mind?
The Daily Life of Late Adulthood
Living Arrangements: The Places and Spaces of Their Lives
Finances, Work, and Retirement
Becoming an Informed Consumer of Development: Planning for—and Living—a Good Retirement
Relationships: Old and New
Marriage in the Later Years: Together, Then Alone
Friends and Family in Late Adulthood
Elder Abuse: Relationships Gone Wrong
Review, Check, and Apply
Summary 9: Putting It All Together: Late Adulthood
Chapter 10 Death and Dying
Module 10.1 Death and Dying Across the Life Span
Understanding Death
Defining Death: When Does Life End?
Death Across the Life Span: Causes and Reactions
Death Education: Preparing for the Inevitable?
Cultural Dimensions: Differing conceptions of death
Review, Check, and Apply
Module 10.2 Confronting Death
Understanding the Process of Dying
Steps Toward Death: Kübler-Ross’s Theory
Choosing the Nature of Death
Where to Die: Easing the Final Passage
Review, Check, and Apply
Module 10.3 Grief and Bereavement
Death: Effects on Survivors
Saying Farewell: Final Rites and Mourning
Bereavement and Grief
From Research to Practice: The rising popularity of cremation
Becoming an Informed Consumer of Development: Helping a Child Cope With Grief
Review, Check, and Apply
Summary 10: Putting It All Together: Death and Dying
Glossary
References
Credits
Name Index
Subject Index
Answers to Review, Check, and Apply Boxes