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Test Bank For Drug Therapy in Nursing, Fourth edition: Diane Aschenbrenner

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Test Bank For Drug Therapy in Nursing, Fourth edition: Diane Aschenbrenner

Product details:

  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1451187661
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1451187663
  • Author: Aschenbrenner

This text presents a complete nursing-focused framework for teaching and learning nursing pharmacology, and “places the patient” at the center of all drug and drug administration decisions and considerations. The book presents core drug knowledge using prototypes of different drug classes and emphasizes core patient variables that influence the patient’s response to therapy. Features include abundant review questions, concept maps, drug summary tables, drug interaction tables, and critical thinking scenarios that teach students how to apply pharmacology knowledge to patient care.

Table contents:

  1. UNIT 1: Foundations for Drug Therapy in Nursing
  2. 1: Nursing Management of Drug Therapy
  3. Learning Objectives
  4. Key Terms
  5. FIGURE 1.1
  6. Managing Drug Therapy Through The Nursing Process
  7. FIGURE 1.2
  8. Assessment
  9. Assessment of Core Drug Knowledge
  10. Assessment of Core Patient Variables
  11. THE PATIENT INTERVIEW AND HISTORY
  12. BOX 1.1: COMPONENTS OF THE PATIENT INTERVIEW
  13. Health Status
  14. Life Span and Gender
  15. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  16. Environment
  17. Culture and Inherited Traits
  18. BOX 1.2: COMPONENTS OF A COMPLETE DRUG HISTORY
  19. HEALTH STATUS
  20. LIFE SPAN AND GENDER
  21. LIFESTYLE, DIET, AND HABITS
  22. ENVIRONMENT
  23. CULTURE AND INHERITED TRAITS
  24. The Physical Examination
  25. The Medical Record
  26. TABLE 1.1: General Test Values: Normal Ranges Laboratory*
  27. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcome Identification
  28. BOX 1.3: SELECTED NURSING DIAGNOSES PERTAINING TO DRUG EFFECTS
  29. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: IDENTIFYING CORE PATIENT VARIABLES
  30. Planning
  31. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  32. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  33. Intervention
  34. Core Drug Knowledge
  35. Core Patient Variables
  36. HEALTH STATUS
  37. LIFE SPAN AND GENDER
  38. LIFESTYLE, DIET, AND HABITS
  39. BOX 1.4: PATIENT EDUCATION GUIDELINES
  40. ENVIRONMENT
  41. BOX 1.5: SAFE AND EFFECTIVE HOME-BASED DRUG THERAPY
  42. Patient and Family Assessment
  43. Home Assessment
  44. Tools Promoting Adherence and Safety
  45. CULTURE AND INHERITED TRAITS
  46. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  47. CLINICAL PATHWAYS
  48. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  49. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  50. NEED MORE HELP?
  51. REFERENCES
  52. 2: Pharmaceuticals: Development, Safeguards, and Delivery
  53. Learning Objectives
  54. Key Terms
  55. SOURCES OF DRUGS
  56. Plants
  57. Animals
  58. Synthetic Chemicals
  59. Genetically Engineered Chemicals
  60. DRUG NOMENCLATURE
  61. FIGURE 2.1
  62. Implications for Nurses
  63. DRUG CLASSIFICATIONS (FAMILIES)
  64. SOURCES OF DRUG INFORMATION
  65. TABLE 2.1: Sources of Drug Information
  66. SAFEGUARDS IN DRUG DEVELOPMENT, MANUFACTURE, AND DISTRIBUTION IN THE UNITED STATES
  67. Standards for Drug Purity and Content
  68. Legislation for Drug Safety and Efficacy
  69. Pure Food and Drug Acts
  70. Kefauver-Harris Amendment
  71. Procedure for Drug Development and Approval
  72. Clinical Trials
  73. FIGURE 2.2
  74. Phase I
  75. Phase II
  76. Phase III
  77. Phase IV
  78. MEDWATCH
  79. PRACTITIONERS’ REPORTING NETWORK
  80. FIGURE 2.3
  81. The Approval Process
  82. BOX 2.1: STREAMLINING THE DRUG APPROVAL PROCESS
  83. Orphan Drugs
  84. Treatment Investigational New Drugs (Compassionate Use Protocol)
  85. Accelerated Development/Review
  86. ParallelTrack
  87. Legislation to Promote Truth in Advertising
  88. Legislation Regarding Controlled Substances
  89. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: CANDIDATE FOR A NEW DRUG
  90. TABLE 2.2: Shedule of Controlled Substances
  91. Nursing Management of Controlled Substances
  92. Legislation Regarding Drug Distribution
  93. Labeling
  94. Online Pharmacies
  95. Nongovernmental Institutional Controls
  96. EFFECT OF LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL CONTROLS ON NURSING MANAGEMENT OF DRUG THERAPY
  97. PATIENT EDUCATION AS A SAFEGUARD IN DRUG THERAPY
  98. BOX 2.2: STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCING PATIENT EDUCATION
  99. Patient Learning Needs
  100. BOX 2.3: ASSESSMENT: ANOTHER SAFEGUARD
  101. Teaching Focus and Content
  102. Evaluating and Documenting Educational Outcomes
  103. Consumer Drug Information on the Internet
  104. IMPORTANCE OF NURSING MANAGEMENT OF DRUG THERAPY
  105. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  106. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  107. NEED MORE HELP?
  108. REFERENCES
  109. 3: Drug Administration
  110. Learning Objectives
  111. Key Terms
  112. DRUG ADMINISTRATION ROUTES: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
  113. ENTERAL ROUTE AND FORMS
  114. Oral Drug Forms
  115. Tablets
  116. Sublingual and Buccal Tablets
  117. Troches
  118. Capsules
  119. Syrups
  120. Elixirs
  121. Emulsions and Suspensions
  122. Nasogastric or Gastrostomy Tube Forms
  123. Nursing Management in Enteral Drug Administration
  124. Core Drug Knowledge
  125. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  126. Health Status
  127. Life Span and Gender
  128. Environment
  129. Planning and Intervention
  130. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  131. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  132. BOX 3.1: FIVE RIGHTS OF DRUG ADMINISTRATION
  133. TABLE 3.1: Abbreviations Related to Medication Administration
  134. TABLE 3.2: The Joint Commission Official “Do Not Use” List 2005
  135. TABLE 3.3: Measurement Equivalents
  136. PARENTERAL ROUTE
  137. Intramuscular Administration
  138. FIGURE 3.1
  139. Subcutaneous Administration
  140. FIGURE 3.2
  141. Intravenous Administration
  142. Peripheral Drug Delivery
  143. Central Access
  144. Other Parenteral Delivery Routes
  145. Nursing Management in Parenteral Drug Administration
  146. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  147. Health Status
  148. Life Span and Gender
  149. Lifestyle, Diet and Habits
  150. Environment
  151. Planning and Intervention
  152. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  153. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: CHOOSING THE RIGHT DRUG ADMINISTRATION SITE
  154. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  155. TOPICAL ROUTE AND FORMS
  156. Nursing Management in Topical Drug Administration
  157. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  158. Planning and Intervention
  159. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  160. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  161. NEED MORE HELP?
  162. REFERENCES
  163. UNIT 2: Core Drug Knowledge
  164. 4: Pharmacotherapeutics, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics
  165. Learning Objectives
  166. Key Terms
  167. PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS
  168. PHARMACOKINETICS
  169. Absorption
  170. BOX 4.1: DRUG ABSORPTION AND CORE PATIENT VARIABLES
  171. Health Status
  172. Life Span and Gender
  173. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  174. Distribution
  175. Protein Binding
  176. FIGURE 4.1
  177. FIGURE 4.2
  178. FIGURE 4.3
  179. Blood–Brain Barrier
  180. Placental Membrane
  181. BOX 4.2: DRUG DISTRIBUTION AND CORE PATIENT VARIABLES
  182. Health Status
  183. Life Span and Gender
  184. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  185. Metabolism
  186. BOX 4.3: DRUG METABOLISM AND CORE PATIENT A VARIABLES
  187. Life Span and Gender
  188. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  189. Environment
  190. Metabolites
  191. Rates of Metabolism and the First-Pass Effect
  192. TABLE 4.1: Effect of the Liver on Drug Metabolism
  193. P-450 System
  194. FIGURE 4.4
  195. Excretion
  196. BOX 4.4: DRUG EXCRETION AND CORE PATIENT VARIABLES
  197. Health Status
  198. Life Span and Gender
  199. Processes Involved in Renal Excretion
  200. FIGURE 4.5
  201. Factors That Affect Renal Excretion
  202. Factors That Affect Biliary Excretion
  203. Other Pharmacokinetic Concepts
  204. Half-Life
  205. Steady State
  206. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: HALF-LIFE AND DRUG DOSING
  207. FIGURE 4.6
  208. Clearance
  209. PHARMACODYNAMICS
  210. BOX 4.5: PHARMACODYNAMICS: EXAMPLES OF AGE-RELATED CHANGES
  211. Drug-Receptor Interactions
  212. Single Occupancy Theory
  213. Modified Occupancy Theory
  214. Changes in Receptor Sensitivity
  215. Nonreceptor Responses
  216. VARIABLES THAT INFLUENCE THE DOSE OF A DRUG
  217. Potency and Efficacy
  218. FIGURE 4.7
  219. ED50 Maintenance, and Loading Doses
  220. Therapeutic Index
  221. DRUG DOSAGE AND BLOOD CONCENTRATION
  222. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  223. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  224. NEED MORE HELP?
  225. REFERENCES
  226. 5: Adverse Effects and Drug Interactions
  227. Learning Objectives
  228. Key Terms
  229. ADVERSE EFFECTS
  230. BOX 5.1: BLACK BOX WARNINGS
  231. What Exactly is a Black Box Warning?
  232. Does a Black Box Warning MeanThat the Drug is Too Dangerous to Use?
  233. BOX 5.2: WHAT IS AN FDA MEDICATION GUIDE?
  234. Allergic Responses
  235. Idiosyncratic Responses
  236. Toxicities
  237. DRUG INTERACTIONS
  238. FIGURE 5.1
  239. Drug Interactions Affecting Pharmacokinetics
  240. Drug Interactions Affecting Absorption
  241. Drug Interactions Affecting Distribution
  242. Drug Interactions Affecting Metabolism
  243. FIGURE 5.2
  244. BOX 5.3: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  245. Genetic Variation and Warfarin Dosing
  246. The Study
  247. Nursing Implications
  248. Drug Interactions Affecting Excretion
  249. Drug Interactions Affecting Pharmacodynamics
  250. Additive Effect
  251. Synergistic Effect
  252. Potentiated Effect
  253. Antagonistic Effect
  254. DRUG INCOMPATIBILITIES
  255. Chemical Incompatibilities
  256. Physical Incompatibilities
  257. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
  258. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Drug Therapy
  259. Assessment of Core Patient Variables
  260. Health Status
  261. Life Span and Gender
  262. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  263. Environment
  264. Culture and Inherited Traits
  265. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  266. Planning and Intervention
  267. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  268. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  269. Providing Patient and Family Education
  270. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: SUSPECTED ADVERSE EFFECTS
  271. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  272. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  273. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  274. NEED MORE HELP?
  275. REFERENCES
  276. UNIT 3: Core Patient Variables
  277. 6: Life Span: Children
  278. Learning Objectives
  279. Key Terms
  280. Nursing Management of the Pediatric Patient
  281. Core Drug Knowledge Related to Children
  282. Pharmacotherapeutics
  283. BOX 6.1: CALCULATING PEDIATRIC DRUG DOSAGES
  284. Body Surface Area Method
  285. Body Weight Method
  286. FIGURE 6.1
  287. Pharmacodynamics
  288. Pharmacokinetics
  289. ABSORPTION
  290. DISTRIBUTION
  291. TABLE 6.1: Propotional Water Content Across the Life Span
  292. METABOLISM
  293. EXCRETION
  294. Contraindications and Precautions
  295. Adverse Effects and Drug Interactions
  296. Assessment of Core Patient Variables Related to Children
  297. Health Status
  298. Life Span
  299. BOX 6.2: SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS FOR PEDIATRIC DRUG ROUTES
  300. Oral Route
  301. Intramuscular Route
  302. Intravenous Route
  303. INFANTS (BIRTH TO 12 MONTHS)
  304. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: CALLING ON CORE DRUG KNOWLEDGE FOR CHILDREN
  305. FIGURE 6.2
  306. TODDLERS (13 MONTHS TO 3 YEARS)
  307. PRESCHOOLERS (3 TO 5 YEARS)
  308. SCHOOL-AGED CHILDREN (6 TO 12 YEARS)
  309. ADOLESCENTS (13 TO 16 YEARS)
  310. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  311. Environment
  312. Culture and Inherited Traits
  313. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  314. Planning and Intervention
  315. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  316. ORAL DRUG THERAPY
  317. PARENTERAL DRUG THERAPY
  318. RECTAL DRUG THERAPY
  319. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  320. PREVENTING MEDICATION ERRORS
  321. BOX 6.3: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  322. Standardization and Technology Decrease Medication Errors
  323. The Study
  324. Nursing Implications
  325. REDUCING PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS AND ANXIETY
  326. Providing Patient and Family Education
  327. BOX 6.4: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  328. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  329. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  330. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  331. NEED MORE HELP?
  332. REFERENCES
  333. 7: Life Span: Pregnant or Breast-Feeding Women
  334. Learning Objectives
  335. Key Terms
  336. Nursing Management of the Pregnant or Breast-Feeding Patient
  337. Core Drug Knowledge
  338. Pharmacotherapeutics
  339. Pharmacokinetics
  340. ABSORPTION
  341. DISTRIBUTION AND METABOLISM
  342. EXCRETION
  343. Pharmacodynamics
  344. Contraindications and Precautions
  345. BOX 7.1: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  346. Smallpox Vaccine
  347. TABLE 7.1: Examples of Drugs or Drug Classes Known or Highly Suspected to Be Teratogenic
  348. PREGNANCY CATEGORIES
  349. BOX 7.2: FDA PREGNANCY CATEGORIES
  350. LACTATION CATEGORIES
  351. TABLE 7.2: Drugs for Which the Effect on Nursing Infants is Unknown but May Be of Concern
  352. TABLE 7.3: Drugs That Have Been Associated with Significant Effects in Some Nursing Infants and Should Be Given to Nursing Mothers with Caution
  353. Adverse Effects
  354. BOX 7.3: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  355. Pregnancy and Prescribed Teratogenics
  356. The Study
  357. Nursing Implications
  358. TABLE 7.4: Selected Nonteratogenic or Minimally Teretogenic Drugs with Adverse Fetal Effects or Breast Feeding Effects
  359. Drug Interactions
  360. Assessment of Core Patient Variables Relevant to Pregnancy and Breast-Feeding
  361. Health Status
  362. Life Span and Gender
  363. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  364. Environment
  365. Culture and Inherited Traits
  366. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  367. Planning and Intervention
  368. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  369. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  370. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: ENSURING DRUG SAFETY DURING LACTATION
  371. Providing Patient and Family Education
  372. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  373. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  374. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  375. NEED MORE HELP?
  376. REFERENCES
  377. 8: Life Span: Older Adults
  378. Learning Objectives
  379. Key Terms
  380. Nursing Management of Older Adults
  381. Core Drug Knowledge
  382. Pharmacotherapeutics
  383. Pharmacokinetics
  384. BOX 8.1: PHARMACOKINETIC CHANGES IN OLDER ADULTS
  385. Physiologic Changes Related to Normal Aging
  386. Absorption
  387. Distribution
  388. Metabolism
  389. Excretion
  390. ABSORPTION
  391. DISTRIBUTION
  392. METABOLISM
  393. EXCRETION
  394. TABLE 8.1: Age-Related Differences in Creatinine in Men
  395. Pharmacodynamics
  396. Contraindications and Precautions
  397. Adverse Effects
  398. BOX 8.2: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  399. Inappropriate Drugs in Older Adults and Cognitive Decline
  400. The Study
  401. Nursing Implications
  402. Drug Interactions
  403. TABLE 8.2: 2012 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria for Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use in Older Adults
  404. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables Related to Older Adults
  405. Health Status
  406. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: THINKING ABOUT AGE-RELATED CORE PATIENT VARIABLES
  407. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  408. Environment
  409. Culture and Inherited Traits
  410. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  411. Planning and Intervention
  412. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  413. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  414. BOX 8.3: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  415. Identification and Management of Polypharmacy Problems
  416. Providing Patient and Family Education
  417. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  418. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  419. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  420. NEED MORE HELP?
  421. REFERENCES
  422. 9: Lifestyle: Substance Abuse
  423. Learning Objectives
  424. Key Terms
  425. BOX 9.1: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  426. How Many Substance Abusers?
  427. CAUSES OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE
  428. Dopamine Hypothesis
  429. BOX 9.2: WHO’S AT RISK FOR SUBSTANCE ABUSE?
  430. Physiology
  431. Tolerance
  432. Physical Dependence
  433. Psychological Dependence
  434. Genetics
  435. Development and Environment
  436. Personality Traits
  437. Mood Disorders
  438. Availability of Drugs and Drug Diversion
  439. Socioeconomic Circumstances
  440. SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
  441. FIGURE 9.1
  442. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: CONSIDERING SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG PROFESSIONALS
  443. Central Nervous System Stimulants
  444. Central Nervous System Depressants
  445. TABLE 9.1: Clinical Findings in Alcohol Withdrawal
  446. Opioids
  447. Tranquilizers
  448. Hallucinogens
  449. Inhalants
  450. BOX 9.3: COMMONLY ABUSED COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS
  451. Designer Drugs
  452. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids
  453. Nursing Management In Commonly Abused Drugs
  454. Core Drug Knowledge in Alcohol Abuse
  455. Pharmacokinetics
  456. Pharmacodynamics
  457. BOX 9.4: HEALTH PROBLEMS RELATED TO ALCOHOL ABUSE
  458. Adverse Effects
  459. TABLE 9.2: Blood Alcohol Levels and Stages of Intoxication
  460. Drug Interactions
  461. TABLE 9.3: Agents That Interact with Alcohol
  462. Core Drug Knowledge in Cocaine Abuse
  463. Pharmacokinetics
  464. Pharmacodynamics
  465. Adverse Effects
  466. Core Drug Knowledge in Opioid Abuse
  467. Pharmacokinetics
  468. Pharmacodynamics
  469. Adverse Effects
  470. Core Drug Knowledge in Marijuana Abuse
  471. Pharmacotherapeutics
  472. Pharmacokinetics
  473. Pharmacodynamics
  474. Adverse Effects
  475. Core Drug Knowledge in Hallucinogen Abuse
  476. Pharmacokinetics
  477. Pharmacodynamics
  478. Adverse Effects
  479. Core Drug Knowledge in Inhalant Abuse
  480. Pharmacokinetics
  481. Pharmacodynamics
  482. Adverse Effects
  483. Assessment of Core Patient Variables in Substance Abuse
  484. Health Status
  485. TABLE 9.4: Charcteristics of Selected Drugs of Abuse
  486. TABLE 9.5: Selected Drugs Street Names
  487. Life Span and Gender
  488. EFFECTS IN PREGNANCY
  489. EFFECTS IN INFANCY
  490. EFFECTS IN CHILDHOOD
  491. EFFECTS IN ADOLESCENCE
  492. EFFECTS IN OLDER ADULTS
  493. Environment
  494. Culture and Inherited Traits
  495. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  496. Planning and Intervention
  497. Maximizing Recovery
  498. Minimizing Relapse
  499. BOX 9.5: NURSING MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES IN ALCOHOLISM
  500. Acute Alcohol Intoxication
  501. Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
  502. Chronic Alcoholism
  503. BOX 9.6: TREATING HEROIN ADDICTION
  504. Methadone (Dolophine, Methadose)
  505. Clonidine (Catapres)
  506. Naltrexone (ReVia)
  507. Buprenorphine (Buprenex, Suboxone, Subutex)
  508. Psychiatric Treatment and Support Programs
  509. BOX 9.7: INTERVENING ON A “BAD TRIP”
  510. LSD
  511. Ketamine (or PCP)
  512. Providing Patient and Family Education
  513. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  514. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  515. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  516. NEED MORE HELP?
  517. REFERENCES
  518. 10: Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits: Nutrition and Complementary Medications
  519. Learning Objectives
  520. Key Terms
  521. DIETARY FACTORS AFFECTING DRUG EFFICACY
  522. BOX 10.1: PHARMACOKINETIC AND NUTRIENTA INTERACTIONS
  523. Absorption
  524. Distribution
  525. Metabolism
  526. Excretion
  527. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: MALNUTRITION AND DRUG ACTION
  528. DRUG THERAPY AND NUTRITIONAL STATUS
  529. COMPLEMENTARY NUTRITIONAL THERAPIES
  530. Nutritional Supplements
  531. Protein
  532. Carbohydrates
  533. Fat
  534. Dietary Fiber
  535. Recommended Intake of Vitamin and Minerals
  536. Vitamins
  537. Minerals
  538. Major Mineral Cations
  539. Trace Elements
  540. Herbal and Botanical Preparations
  541. TABLE 10.1: Herbal and Botanical Preparations and Potential Adverse Effects
  542. TABLE 10.2: Selected Herbs and Possible Drug Interactions
  543. Nursing Management of the Patient With Dietary Considerations
  544. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  545. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  546. Planning and Intervention
  547. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects and Minimizing Adverse Effects
  548. Providing Patient and Family Education
  549. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  550. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  551. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  552. NEED MORE HELP?
  553. REFERENCES
  554. 11: Environment: Influences on Drug Therapy
  555. Learning Objectives
  556. Key Terms
  557. FIGURE 11.1
  558. PHYSICAL SETTINGS FOR DRUG THERAPY
  559. Acute Care Hospitals
  560. Acute Rehabilitative Units
  561. Transitional Care Units
  562. Outpatient Units
  563. Long-Term Care Facilities
  564. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: KEEPING THE PATIENT SAFE
  565. Home Environment
  566. MEDICATION RECONCILIATION
  567. ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON DRUG STABILITY AND EFFECTS
  568. ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON ADVERSE EFFECTS AND INJURY
  569. THE NURSE’S ROLE
  570. Nursing Management of the Patient with Environmental Considerations
  571. Assessment
  572. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  573. Planning and Intervention
  574. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  575. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  576. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  577. NEED MORE HELP?
  578. REFERENCES
  579. 12: Culture: Considerations in Drug Therapy
  580. Learning Objectives
  581. Key Terms
  582. WORLD VIEW
  583. Biomedical Health Beliefs
  584. Magicoreligious Health Beliefs
  585. Holistic Health Beliefs
  586. EFFECT OF CULTURAL DIVERSITY ON HEALTH CARE
  587. Purnell’s Model for Cultural Competence
  588. Pharmacogenetics, Pharmacogenomics, and Drug Therapy
  589. FIGURE 12.1
  590. BOX 12.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  591. Cost Effectiveness of Warfarin Genotyping
  592. The Study
  593. Nursing Implications
  594. Cultural Differences Among Major Ethnic Groups
  595. White Americans
  596. Black Americans
  597. Asian and Pacific Islander Americans
  598. Hispanic Americans
  599. Native Americans and Alaska Natives
  600. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: DIVERSITY, DRUG THERAPY, AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHING
  601. Nursing Management of Culturally Diverse Groups
  602. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  603. BOX 12.2: NURSING DIAGNOSES AND OUTCOMES RELATED TO DRUG THERAPY, CULTURAL DIVERSITY, AND INHERITED TRAITS
  604. Impaired Verbal Communication Related to English as a Second Language
  605. Ineffective Health Maintenance Related to Cultural Beliefs
  606. Ineffective Coping or Disabled Family Coping Related to Lack of Understanding
  607. Spiritual Distress Related to Conflicting Cultures
  608. Planning and Intervention
  609. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  610. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  611. Providing Patient and Family Education
  612. BOX 12.3: COMMUNICATING WITH PATIENTS WHO SPEAK ANOTHER LANGUAGE
  613. Use an interpreter (preferably) or a translator.
  614. If an interpreter or translator is not available:
  615. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  616. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  617. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  618. NEED MORE HELP?
  619. REFERENCES
  620. UNIT 4: Peripheral Nervous System Drugs
  621. 13: Drugs Affecting Adrenergic Function
  622. Learning Objectives
  623. Key Terms
  624. Drugs Affecting Adrenergic Function
  625. PHYSIOLOGY
  626. Function of the Autonomic Nervous System
  627. FIGURE 13.1
  628. FIGURE 13.2
  629. FIGURE 13.3
  630. Neurotransmitters
  631. Acetylcholine
  632. FIGURE 13.4
  633. Norepinephrine
  634. Epinephrine
  635. Dopamine
  636. Adrenergic Receptors
  637. TABLE 13.1: Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes’ Location and Action
  638. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  639. Pharmacological Effects on the SNS
  640. TABLE 13.2: Sympathetic Nervous System Terminology Synonyms
  641. ADRENERGIC AGONISTS
  642. Nonselective Adrenergic Agonists
  643. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Epinephrine
  644. Core Drug Knowledge
  645. Pharmacotherapeutics
  646. TABLE 13.3: Summary of Selected Adrenergic Agonists
  647. Pharmacokinetics
  648. Pharmacodynamics
  649. Contraindications and Precautions
  650. Adverse Effects
  651. Drug Interactions
  652. TABLE 13.4: Agents That Interact with Epinephrine
  653. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  654. Health Status
  655. BOX 13.1: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  656. Teaching for Patients Prescribed Self-Injectable Epinephrine
  657. Life Span and Gender
  658. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  659. Environment
  660. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  661. Planning and Intervention
  662. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  663. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  664. Providing Patient and Family Education
  665. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  666. Drugs Closely Related to Epinephrine
  667. Drugs Significantly Different From Epinephrine
  668. Ephedrine
  669. MEMORY CHIP : Epinephrine
  670. Vdsopressin
  671. Alpha-1 Adrenergic Agonists
  672. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Phenylephrine
  673. Core Drug Knowledge
  674. Pharmacotherapeutics
  675. Pharmacokinetics
  676. Pharmacodynamics
  677. Contraindications and Precautions
  678. Adverse Effects
  679. Drug Interactions
  680. TABLE 13.5: Agents That Interact with Phenylephrine
  681. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  682. Health Status
  683. Life Span and Gender
  684. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  685. Environment
  686. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  687. Planning and Intervention
  688. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  689. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  690. Providing Patient and Family Education
  691. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  692. Drug Closely Related to Phenylephrine
  693. MEMORY CHIP : Phenylephrine
  694. Alpha-2 Adrenergic Agonists
  695. Clonidine
  696. Beta-Adrenergic Agonists
  697. Beta-1 Agonists
  698. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Dopamine
  699. Core Drug Knowledge
  700. Pharmacotherapeutics
  701. Pharmacokinetics
  702. Pharmacodynamics
  703. Contraindications and Precautions
  704. Adverse Effects
  705. Drug Interactions
  706. TABLE 13.6: Agents That Interact with Dopamine
  707. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  708. Health Status
  709. Life Span and Gender
  710. Environment
  711. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  712. Planning and Intervention
  713. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  714. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  715. Providing Patient and Family Education
  716. MEMORY CHIP : Dopamine
  717. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  718. Drugs Closely Related to Dopamine
  719. Dobutamine
  720. Isoproterenol
  721. Mephentermine
  722. Metaraminol
  723. Drugs Significantly Different From Dopamine
  724. Midodrine
  725. Beta-2 Agonists
  726. DOPAMINERGIC AGONISTS
  727. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Fenoldopam
  728. Core Drug Knowledge
  729. Pharmacotherapeutics
  730. Pharmacokinetics
  731. Pharmacodynamics
  732. Contraindications and Precautions
  733. Adverse Effects
  734. Drug Interactions
  735. TABLE 13.7: Agents That Interact with Fenoldopam
  736. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  737. Health Status
  738. Life Span and Gender
  739. Environment
  740. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  741. Planning and Intervention
  742. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  743. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  744. Providing Patient and Family Education
  745. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  746. Drugs Significantly Different from Fenoldopam
  747. Carbidopa-levodopa
  748. MEMORY CHIP : Fenoldopam
  749. ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS
  750. Alpha-Adrenergic Antagonists
  751. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Prazosin
  752. Core Drug Knowledge
  753. Pharmacotherapeutics
  754. Pharmacokinetics
  755. TABLE 13.8: Summary of Selected Adrenergic Antagonists
  756. Pharmacodynamics
  757. Contraindications and Precautions
  758. Adverse Effects
  759. Drug Interactions
  760. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  761. Health Status
  762. Life Span and Gender
  763. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  764. Environment
  765. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  766. Planning and Intervention
  767. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  768. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  769. Providing Patient and Family Education
  770. MEMORY CHIP : Prazosin
  771. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  772. Drugs Closely Related to Prazosin
  773. Drugs Significantly Different From Prazosin
  774. Phentolamine
  775. Phenoxybenzamine
  776. Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists
  777. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Metoprolol
  778. Core Drug Knowledge
  779. Pharmacotherapeutics
  780. Pharmacokinetics
  781. Pharmacodynamics
  782. Contraindications and Precautions
  783. Adverse Effects
  784. Drug Interactions
  785. TABLE 13.9: Agents That Interact with Metoprolol
  786. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  787. Health Status
  788. Life Span and Gender
  789. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  790. Environment
  791. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  792. Planning and Intervention
  793. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  794. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  795. Providing Patient and Family Education
  796. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  797. Drugs Closely Related to Metoprolol
  798. MEMORY CHIP : Metoprolol
  799. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT BETA-BLOCKER THERAPY
  800. Drugs Significantly Different From Metoprolol
  801. Carvedilol
  802. Labetalol
  803. Sotalol
  804. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  805. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  806. NEED MORE HELP?
  807. REFERENCES
  808. 14: Drugs Affecting Cholinergic Function
  809. Learning Objectives
  810. Key Terms
  811. Drugs Affecting Cholinergic Function
  812. PHYSIOLOGY
  813. Function of the Autonomic Nervous System
  814. Cholinergic Neurotransmitters
  815. FIGURE 14.1
  816. Cholinergic Receptors
  817. TABLE 14.1: Cholinergic Receptor Subtypes’ Location and Action
  818. Nicotinic Receptors
  819. Muscarinic Receptors
  820. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  821. Pharmacological Effects on the PSNS
  822. TABLE 14.2: Parasympathetic Nervous System Terminology Synonyms
  823. CHOLINERGIC AGONISTS
  824. TABLE 14.3: Summary of Selected Cholinergic Agonists
  825. Direct-Acting Muscarinic Agonists
  826. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Pilocarpine
  827. Core Drug Knowledge
  828. Pharmacotherapeutics
  829. Pharmacokinetics
  830. Pharmacodynamics
  831. Contraindications and Precautions
  832. Adverse Effects
  833. Drug Interactions
  834. TABLE 14.4: Agents That Interact with Pilocarpine
  835. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  836. Health Status
  837. Life Span and Gender
  838. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  839. Environment
  840. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  841. Planning and Intervention
  842. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  843. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  844. Providing Patient and Family Education
  845. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  846. Drug Closely Related to Pilocarpine
  847. Drugs Significantly Different From Pilocarpine
  848. Acetylcholine
  849. MEMORY CHIP : Pilocarpine
  850. Bethanechol
  851. Cevimeline
  852. Methacholine
  853. Direct-Acting Nicotinic Agonists
  854. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Nicotine
  855. Core Drug Knowledge
  856. Pharmacotherapeutics
  857. Pharmacokinetics
  858. Pharmacodynamics
  859. Contraindications and Precautions
  860. Adverse Effects
  861. Drug Interactions
  862. TABLE 14.5: Agents That Interact with Nicotine
  863. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  864. Health Status
  865. Life Span and Gender
  866. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  867. Environment
  868. Culture and Inherited Traits
  869. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  870. Planning and Intervention
  871. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  872. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  873. BOX 14.1: FOCUS ON RESEASRCH
  874. The Study
  875. Nursing Implications
  876. Providing Patient and Family Education
  877. COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  878. How to Help Your Patient to Quit Smoking
  879. ASSESSMENT
  880. SET MUTUAL GOALS
  881. INTERVENTIONS
  882. EVALUATION
  883. References
  884. MEMORY CHIP : Nicotine
  885. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  886. Drugs Significantly Different From Nicotine
  887. Bupropion
  888. Clonidine
  889. Rimonabant
  890. Varenicline
  891. Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists
  892. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Neostigmine
  893. Core Drug Knowledge
  894. Pharmacotherapeutics
  895. TABLE 14.6: That Interact with Neostigmine
  896. Pharmacokinetics
  897. Pharmacodynamics
  898. Contraindications and Precautions
  899. Adverse Effects
  900. Drug Interactions
  901. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  902. Health Status
  903. Life Span and Gender
  904. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  905. Environment
  906. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  907. Planning and Intervention
  908. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  909. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  910. Providing Patient and Family Education
  911. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: NEOSTIGMINE THERAPY
  912. MEMORY CHIP : Neostigmine
  913. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  914. Drugs Significantly Different From Neostigmine
  915. Demecarium
  916. Physostigmine
  917. Drugs for Myasthenia Gravis
  918. Drugs for Cognition
  919. Irreversible Cholinesterase Inhibitors
  920. CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONISTS
  921. Antinicotinic Ganglionic Blockers
  922. Antinicotinic Neuromuscular Blockers
  923. Antimuscarinic/Anticholinergic Drugs
  924. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Atropine
  925. Core Drug Knowledge
  926. Pharmacotherapeutics
  927. Pharmacokinetics
  928. TABLE 14.7: Summary of Selected Cholinergic Antagonists
  929. Pharmacodynamics
  930. Contraindications and Precautions
  931. Adverse Effects
  932. Drug Interactions
  933. TABLE 14.8: Agents That Interact with Atropine
  934. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  935. Health Status
  936. Life Span and Gender
  937. Environment
  938. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  939. Planning and Intervention
  940. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  941. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  942. Providing Patient and Family Education
  943. MEMORY CHIP : Atropine
  944. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  945. Drugs Significantly Different From Atropine Hyoscyamine
  946. Scopolamine
  947. Antiparkinson Agents
  948. Antisecretory Anticholinergics
  949. Inhaled Agents
  950. Urinary Relaxants
  951. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  952. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  953. NEED MORE HELP?
  954. REFERENCES
  955. UNIT 5: Central Nervous System Drugs
  956. 15: Drugs Relieving Anxiety and Promoting Sleep
  957. Learning Objectives
  958. Key Terms
  959. Drugs Relieving Anxiety and Promoting Sleep
  960. PHYSIOLOGY
  961. Emotions and Neurotransmitters
  962. FIGURE 15.1
  963. Sleep
  964. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  965. Anxiety
  966. Sleep Disorders
  967. DRUGS TO RELIEVE ANXIETY
  968. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
  969. Tricyclic Antidepressants
  970. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
  971. Beta Blockers
  972. Benzodiazepines
  973. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Lorazepam
  974. Core Drug Knowledge
  975. Pharmacotherapeutics
  976. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: LORAZEPAM AND ANXIETY
  977. Pharmacoklnetlcs
  978. TABLE 15.1: Summary of Selected Benzodiazepines
  979. Pharmacodynamics
  980. Contraindications and Precautions
  981. Adverse Effects
  982. Drug Interactions
  983. TABLE 15.2: Agents That Interact with Lorazepam
  984. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  985. Health Status
  986. Life Span and Gender
  987. Lifestyle, Diet and Habits
  988. Environment
  989. Culture and Inherited Traits
  990. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  991. MEMORY CHIP : Lorazepam
  992. Planning and Intervention
  993. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  994. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  995. BOX 15.1: FOCUS ON RESEASRCH
  996. Cost-Effectiveness of Benzodiazepine Tapering Methods
  997. The Study
  998. Nursing Implications
  999. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1000. BOX 15.2: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  1001. Teaching for Patients Prescribed Home Benzodiazepine Therapy
  1002. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1003. Nonbenzodiazepines
  1004. Buspirone
  1005. Hydroxyzine
  1006. Meprobamate
  1007. DRUGS TO PROMOTE SLEEP
  1008. Benzodiazepines
  1009. TABLE 15.3: Labeled Therapeutic Indications and Half-Lives of Benzodiazepines
  1010. Nonbenzodiazepines
  1011. Eszopiclone
  1012. Zaleplon
  1013. Zolpidem
  1014. Melatonin Receptor Agonist
  1015. Ramelteon
  1016. Drugs From Other Classes
  1017. Trazodone
  1018. Chloral Hydrate
  1019. Barbiturates
  1020. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  1021. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  1022. NEED MORE HELP?
  1023. REFERENCES
  1024. 16: Drugs Treating Mood Disorders
  1025. Learning Objectives
  1026. Key Terms
  1027. Drugs Treating Mood Disorders
  1028. PHYSIOLOGY
  1029. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  1030. Major Depressive Disorder
  1031. BOX 16.1: DRUG CLASSES ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSION
  1032. Dysthymic Disorder
  1033. Bipolar Disorder
  1034. ANTIDEPRESSANTS
  1035. TABLE 16.1: Summary of Selected Drugs for Treating Mood Disorders
  1036. TABLE 16.2: Adverse Effects of Selected Antidepressant Drugs
  1037. TABLE 16.3: Management of Adverse Effects of Antidepressants
  1038. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
  1039. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Sertraline
  1040. Core Drug Knowledge
  1041. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1042. Pharmacokinetics
  1043. Pharmacodynamics
  1044. Contraindications and Precautions
  1045. BOX 16.2: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  1046. SUICIDALITY AND ANTIDEPRESSANT MEDICATION
  1047. Adverse Effects
  1048. Drug Interactions
  1049. TABLE 16.4: Agents that Interact with Sertraline
  1050. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1051. Health Status
  1052. Life Span and Gender
  1053. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  1054. Culture and Inherited Traits
  1055. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1056. Planning and Intervention
  1057. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1058. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1059. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1060. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1061. MEMORY CHIP : Sertraline
  1062. Drugs Closely Related to Sertraline
  1063. Drugs Significantly Different From Sertraline
  1064. Bupropion
  1065. Trazodone
  1066. Serotonin and Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs)
  1067. Venlafaxine
  1068. Duloxetine
  1069. Desvenlafaxine
  1070. Milnacipran
  1071. Treatment Challenges
  1072. Tricyclic Antidepressants
  1073. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Nortriptyline
  1074. Core Drug Knowledge
  1075. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1076. Pharmacokinetics
  1077. Pharmacodynamics
  1078. Contraindications and Precautions
  1079. Adverse Effects
  1080. BOX 16.3: EMERGENCY MEASURES FOR TCA OVERDOSE
  1081. Drug Interactions
  1082. TABLE 16.5: Agents that Interact with Nortriptyline
  1083. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1084. Health Status
  1085. Life Span and Gender
  1086. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  1087. Culture and Inherited Traits
  1088. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1089. Planning and Intervention
  1090. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1091. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1092. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1093. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1094. MEMORY CHIP : Nortriptyline
  1095. BOX 16.4: FOCUS ON RESEASRCH
  1096. Recovery from Major Depression in the Older Adult.
  1097. Nursing implications
  1098. Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
  1099. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Phenelzine
  1100. Core Drug Knowledge
  1101. Pharmacotherapeutlcs
  1102. Pharmacokinetics
  1103. Pharmacodynamics
  1104. Contraindications and Precautions
  1105. Adverse Effects
  1106. Drug Interactions
  1107. TABLE 16.6: Agents That Interact with Phenelzine
  1108. TABLE 16.7: Tyramine Dietary Modifications and MAOIs
  1109. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1110. Health Status
  1111. Life Span and Gender
  1112. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  1113. Environment
  1114. Culture and Inherited Traits
  1115. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1116. Planning and Intervention
  1117. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1118. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1119. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1120. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1121. MEMORY CHIP : Phenelzine
  1122. Drugs Closely Related to Phenelzine
  1123. Isocarboxazid and Tranylcypromine
  1124. Selegiline Transdermal
  1125. MOOD STABILIZERS
  1126. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Lithium
  1127. Core Drug Knowledge
  1128. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1129. Pharmacokinetics
  1130. Pharmacodynamics
  1131. Contraindications and Precautions
  1132. Adverse Effects
  1133. Drug Interactions
  1134. TABLE 16.8: Agents That Interact with Lithium Carbonate
  1135. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1136. Health Status
  1137. Life Span and Gender
  1138. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  1139. Environment
  1140. Culture and Inherited Traits
  1141. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1142. Planning and Intervention
  1143. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1144. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1145. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1146. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1147. MEMORY CHIP : Lithium Carbonate
  1148. Drugs Significantly Different From Lithium
  1149. Antiepileptics
  1150. Carbamazepine
  1151. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: BUG OR DRUG?
  1152. Valproates
  1153. Lamotrigine
  1154. Antipsychotics
  1155. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  1156. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  1157. NEED MORE HELP?
  1158. REFERENCES
  1159. 17: Drugs Treating Psychotic Disorders and Dementia
  1160. Learning Objectives
  1161. Key Terms
  1162. Drugs Treating Psychotic Disorders and Dementia
  1163. BOX 17.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  1164. NEUROCOGNITIVE DEFICITS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA
  1165. The Study
  1166. Nursing implications
  1167. TABLE 17.1: Summary of Selected Antipsychotics
  1168. PHYSIOLOGY
  1169. PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS
  1170. Schizophrenia
  1171. BOX 17.2: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  1172. Easing Fears About Mental Illness
  1173. Other Psychotic Disorders
  1174. COGNITIVE DISORDERS
  1175. Dementia
  1176. Alzheimer Disease
  1177. Vascular Dementia
  1178. Other Dementias
  1179. BOX 17.3: RISK FACTORS AND POSSIBLE CAUSES OF DEMENTIA
  1180. Irreversible Risk Factors/Causes
  1181. Potentially Reversible Risk Factors/Causes
  1182. Delirium
  1183. ANTIPSYCHOTICS
  1184. Typical Antipsychotics
  1185. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Haloperidol
  1186. Core Drug Knowledge
  1187. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1188. Pharmacokinetics
  1189. Pharmacodynamics
  1190. Contraindications and Precautions
  1191. Adverse Effects
  1192. BOX 17.4: PRISK FACTORS FOR TARDIVE DYSKINESIA (TD)
  1193. Drug Interactions
  1194. TABLE 17.2: Agents That Interact with Haloperidol
  1195. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1196. Health Status
  1197. Life Span and Gender
  1198. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: WHAT’S WRONG WITH THIS PATIENT?
  1199. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  1200. Environment
  1201. Culture and Inherited Traits
  1202. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcome
  1203. Planning and Intervention
  1204. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1205. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1206. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1207. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1208. Drugs Closely Related to Haloperidol
  1209. MEMORY CHIP : Haloperidol
  1210. Drugs Significantly Different From Haloperidol
  1211. TABLE 17.3: Risk for Adverse Effects with High- and Low-Potency Typical Antipsychotics
  1212. Atypical Antipsychotics
  1213. BOX 17.5: CLOZARIL TREATMENT/PATIENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
  1214. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Olanzapine
  1215. Core Drug Knowledge
  1216. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1217. Pharmacokinetics
  1218. Pharmacodynamics
  1219. Contraindications and Precautions
  1220. Adverse Effects
  1221. Drug Interactions
  1222. TABLE 17.4: Agents That Interact with Olanzapine
  1223. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1224. Health Status
  1225. Life Span and Gender
  1226. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  1227. Environment
  1228. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1229. Planning and Intervention
  1230. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1231. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1232. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1233. MEMORY CHIP : Olanzapine
  1234. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1235. Drugs Closely Related to Olanzapine
  1236. DRUGS FOR ALZHEIMER-TYPE DEMENTIA
  1237. Acetylchounesterase Enzyme Inhibitors
  1238. TABLE 17.5: Summary of Selected Drugs for Alzheimer Disease
  1239. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Rivastigmine
  1240. Core Drug Knowledge
  1241. Pharmacotherapeutlcs
  1242. Pharmacokinetics
  1243. Pharmacodynamics
  1244. Contraindications and Precautions
  1245. Adverse Effects
  1246. Drug Interactions
  1247. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1248. Health Status
  1249. Life Span and Gender
  1250. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  1251. Environment
  1252. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1253. Planning and Intervention
  1254. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1255. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1256. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1257. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1258. MEMORY CHIP : Rivastigmine
  1259. Drugs Closely Related to Rivastigmine
  1260. Drug Significantly Different From Rivastigmine
  1261. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  1262. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  1263. NEED MORE HELP?
  1264. REFERENCES
  1265. 18: Drugs Treating Seizure Disorders
  1266. Learning Objectives
  1267. Key Terms
  1268. Drugs Treating Seizure Disorders
  1269. PHYSIOLOGY
  1270. FIGURE 18.1
  1271. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  1272. FIGURE 18.2
  1273. TABLE 18.1: Antiepileptic Drug Therapy Grouped by Therapeutic Use
  1274. FIGURE 18.3
  1275. ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS
  1276. Antiepileptic Drugs That Decrease Sodium Influx
  1277. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Phenytoin
  1278. Core Drug Knowledge
  1279. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1280. Pharmacokinetics
  1281. TABLE 18.2: Summary of Selected Antiepileptic Drugs
  1282. Pharmacodynamics
  1283. Contraindications and Precautions
  1284. Box 18.1: DANTIEPILEPTICS AND PREGNANCY
  1285. Teratogenic Effects
  1286. Competitive Inhibitors of Vitamin K
  1287. Loss of Seizure Control
  1288. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: WHAT HAPPENS WHEN ANTIEPILEPTIC THERAPY STOPS ABRUPTLY?
  1289. Adverse Effects
  1290. Drug Interactions
  1291. TABLE 18.3: Agents That Interact with Phenytoin
  1292. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1293. Health Status
  1294. BOX 18.2: FOSCUS ON RESEARCH
  1295. Core Patient Variables and Antiepileptic Drugs
  1296. The Study
  1297. Nursing Implications
  1298. Life Span and Gender
  1299. BOX 18.3: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  1300. Starting and Stopping Antiepileptic Drug Therapy
  1301. When to Start Therapy
  1302. When to Stop Therapy
  1303. Patients Are More Likely To Relapse If They Have:
  1304. Withdrawal Schedule Recommendations:
  1305. Lifestyle, Diet and Habits
  1306. Environment
  1307. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1308. Planning and Intervention
  1309. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1310. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1311. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1312. Box 18.4: PATIENT AND FAMILY EDUCATION COMMON TO ALL ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS
  1313. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1314. MEMORY CHIP : Phenytoin
  1315. Drugs Closely Related to Phenytoin Ethotoin
  1316. Fosphenytoin
  1317. Drugs Significantly Different From Phenytoin
  1318. Carbamazepine
  1319. Valproic Acid
  1320. Lamotrigine
  1321. Topiramate
  1322. Oxcarbazepine
  1323. Levetiracetam
  1324. Felbamate
  1325. Antiepileptic Drugs That Decrease Calcium Influx
  1326. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Ethosuximide
  1327. Core Drug Knowledge
  1328. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1329. Pharmacokinetics
  1330. Pharmacodynamics
  1331. Contraindications and Precautions
  1332. Adverse Effects
  1333. Drug Interactions
  1334. TABLE 18.4: Atifints That Interact with Ethnsuximirle
  1335. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1336. Health Status
  1337. Life Span and Gender
  1338. Environment
  1339. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1340. Planning and Intervention
  1341. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1342. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1343. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1344. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1345. Drugs Closely Related to Ethosuximide
  1346. MEMORY CHIP : Ethosuximide
  1347. Drug Significantly Different From Ethosuximide
  1348. Antiepileptic Drugs That Increase the Effects of GABA
  1349. Benzodiazepines
  1350. Diazepam
  1351. Clonazepam
  1352. Clorazepate
  1353. Midazolam
  1354. Drugs Significantly Different From the Benzodiazepines
  1355. Gabapentin
  1356. Pregabalin
  1357. Phenobarbital
  1358. Primidone
  1359. Tiagabine
  1360. Vigabatrin
  1361. DRUGS USED IN SEIZURES RELATED TO PRE-ECLAMPSIA AND ECLAMPSIA
  1362. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  1363. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  1364. NEED MORE HELP?
  1365. REFERENCES
  1366. 19: Drugs Producing Anesthesia and Neuromuscular Blocking
  1367. Learning Objectives
  1368. Key Terms
  1369. Drugs Producing Anesthesia and Neuromuscular Blocking
  1370. PHYSIOLOGY
  1371. Central Nervous System Anesthesia
  1372. Local Anesthetics
  1373. Neuromuscular Blockade
  1374. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  1375. GENERAL ANESTHETIC AGENTS
  1376. Inhaled Anesthetic Agents
  1377. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Isoflurane
  1378. Core Drug Knowledge
  1379. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1380. Pharmacokinetics
  1381. FIGURE 19.1
  1382. TABLE 19.1: Summary of Selected Inhalant Anesthetic Agents
  1383. Pharmacodynamics
  1384. Contraindications and Precautions
  1385. Adverse Effects
  1386. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: POSTANESTHETIC COMPLICATIONS IN THE PACU
  1387. Drug Interactions
  1388. TABLE 19.2: Agents That Interact with Isoflurane
  1389. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1390. Health Status
  1391. Life Span and Gender
  1392. BOX 19.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  1393. Post-operative Nausea and Vomiting Prevention
  1394. Rationale
  1395. The Study
  1396. Nursing Implications
  1397. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  1398. Environment
  1399. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1400. Planning and Intervention
  1401. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1402. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1403. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1404. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1405. Drugs Closely Related to Isoflurane
  1406. Desflurane
  1407. BOX 19.2: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  1408. Discharge Criteria After Surgery
  1409. Respiration
  1410. O2 saturation
  1411. Consciousness
  1412. Circulation (BP= blood pressure)
  1413. Activity
  1414. MEMORY CHIP : Isoflurane
  1415. Sevoflurane
  1416. Drug Significantly Different From Isoflurane
  1417. Intravenous Anesthetic Agents
  1418. TABLE 19.3: Summary of Selected Parenteral Anesthetic Agents
  1419. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Propofol
  1420. Core Drug Knowledge
  1421. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1422. Pharmacokinetics
  1423. Pharmacodynamics
  1424. Contraindications and Precautions
  1425. Adverse Effects
  1426. Drug Interactions
  1427. TABLE 19.4: Agents That Interact with Propofol
  1428. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1429. Health Status
  1430. Life Span and Gender
  1431. Environment
  1432. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1433. Planning and Intervention
  1434. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1435. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1436. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1437. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1438. MEMORY CHIP : Propofol
  1439. Drugs Closely Related to Propofol
  1440. Etomidate
  1441. Thiopental
  1442. Drugs Significantly Different From Propofol
  1443. Benzodiazepines
  1444. Dexmedetomidine
  1445. Fentanyl
  1446. Ketamine
  1447. Remifentanil
  1448. LOCAL ANESTHETIC AGENTS
  1449. FIGURE 19.2
  1450. TABLE 19.5: Summary of Selected Local Anesthetic Agents
  1451. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Lidocaine
  1452. Core Drug Knowledge
  1453. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1454. Pharmacokinetics
  1455. Pharmacodynamics
  1456. Contraindications and Precautions
  1457. Adverse Effects
  1458. Drug Interactions
  1459. TABLE 19.6: Agents that Interact with Lidocaine
  1460. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1461. Health Status
  1462. Life Span and Gender
  1463. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  1464. Environment
  1465. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1466. Planning and Intervention
  1467. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1468. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1469. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1470. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1471. MEMORY CHIP : Lidocaine
  1472. Drugs Closely Related to Lidocaine
  1473. Bupivacaine
  1474. Chloroprocaine
  1475. Etidocaine
  1476. Mepivacaine
  1477. Ropivicaine
  1478. Prilocaine
  1479. Procaine
  1480. Topical Anesthetics
  1481. NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENTS
  1482. FIGURE 19.3
  1483. Nondepolarizing Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
  1484. TABLE 19.7: Summary of Selected Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
  1485. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Vecuronium
  1486. Core Drug Knowledge
  1487. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1488. Pharmacokinetics
  1489. Pharmacodynamics
  1490. Contraindications and Precautions
  1491. Adverse Effects
  1492. Drug Interactions
  1493. TABLE 19.8: Agents That Interact with Vecuronium
  1494. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1495. Health Status
  1496. Life Span and Gender
  1497. Environment
  1498. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1499. Planning and Intervention
  1500. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1501. MEMORY CHIP : Vecuronium
  1502. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1503. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1504. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1505. Drugs Closely Related to Vecuronium
  1506. Cisatracurium
  1507. Pancuronium
  1508. Rocuronium
  1509. Depolarizing Neuromuscular Junction Blockers
  1510. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Succinylcholine
  1511. Core Drug Knowledge
  1512. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1513. Pharmacokinetics
  1514. Pharmacodynamics
  1515. Contraindications and Precautions
  1516. Box 19.3: ADVERSE EFFECTS OF SUCCINYLCHOLINE
  1517. Adverse Effects
  1518. Drug Interactions
  1519. TABLE 19.9: Agents That Interact with Succinylcholine
  1520. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1521. Health Status
  1522. Life Span and Gender
  1523. Environment
  1524. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1525. Planning and Intervention
  1526. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1527. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1528. MEMORY CHIP : Succinylcholine
  1529. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1530. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1531. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  1532. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  1533. NEED MORE HELP?
  1534. REFERENCES
  1535. 20: Drugs Affecting Muscle Spasm and Spasticity
  1536. Learning Objectives
  1537. Key Terms
  1538. Drugs Affecting Muscle Spasm and Spasticity
  1539. TABLE 20.1: Summary of Selected Drugs That Affect Muscle Spasm and Spasticity
  1540. PHYSIOLOGY
  1541. FIGURE 20.1
  1542. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  1543. Muscle Spasm
  1544. Spasticity
  1545. CENTRALLY ACTING MUSCLE RELAXANTS
  1546. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Cyclobenzaprine
  1547. Core Drug Knowledge
  1548. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1549. Pharmacokinetics
  1550. Pharmacodynamics
  1551. Contraindications and Precautions
  1552. Adverse Effects
  1553. Drug Interactions
  1554. TABLE 20.2: Agents That Interact with Cyclobenzaprine
  1555. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: CYCLOBENZAPRINE IN THE COLLEGE ENVIRONMENT
  1556. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1557. Health Status
  1558. Life Span and Gender
  1559. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  1560. Environment
  1561. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
  1562. Planning and Intervention
  1563. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1564. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1565. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1566. MEMORY CHIP : Cyclobenzaprine
  1567. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1568. Drugs Closely Related to Cyclobenzaprine
  1569. Carisoprodol
  1570. Chlorzoxazone
  1571. Metaxalone
  1572. Methocarbamol
  1573. Orphenadrine
  1574. Drug Significantly Different From Cyclobenzaprine
  1575. CENTRALLY ACTING SPASMOLYTICS
  1576. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Baclofen
  1577. Core Drug Knowledge
  1578. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1579. Pharmacokinetics
  1580. Pharmacodynamics
  1581. Contraindications and Precautions
  1582. Adverse Effects
  1583. Drug Interactions
  1584. TABLE 20.3: Agents That Interact with Baclofen
  1585. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1586. Health Status
  1587. Life Span and Gender
  1588. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  1589. Environment
  1590. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1591. Planning and Intervention
  1592. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1593. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1594. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1595. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1596. MEMORY CHIP : Baclofen
  1597. Drug Closely Related to Baclofen
  1598. Drug Significantly Different From Baclofen
  1599. PERIPHERALLY ACTING SPASMOLYTICS
  1600. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Dantrolene
  1601. Core Drug Knowledge
  1602. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1603. BOX 20.1: Dantrolene Therapy and Malignant Hyperthermia
  1604. Pharmacokinetics
  1605. Pharmacodynamics
  1606. Contraindications and Precautions
  1607. Adverse Effects
  1608. Drug Interactions
  1609. TABLE 20.4: Agents That Interact with Dantrolene
  1610. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1611. Health Status
  1612. Life Span and Gender
  1613. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  1614. Environment
  1615. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1616. FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  1617. Potential Abuse of Muscle Relaxants
  1618. The Study
  1619. Nursing Implications
  1620. Planning and Intervention
  1621. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1622. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1623. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1624. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1625. Drug Closely Related to Dantrolene
  1626. MEMORY CHIP : Dantrolene
  1627. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  1628. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  1629. NEED MORE HELP?
  1630. REFERENCES
  1631. 21: Drugs Treating Parkinson Disease and Other Movement Disorders
  1632. Learning Objectives
  1633. Key Terms
  1634. Drugs Treating Parkinson Disease and Other Movement Disorders
  1635. PHYSIOLOGY
  1636. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  1637. Parkinson Disease
  1638. FIGURE 21.1
  1639. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  1640. Multiple Sclerosis
  1641. ANTIPARKINSON DRUGS
  1642. FIGURE 21.2
  1643. TABLE 21.1: Summary of Selected Antiparkinson Agents
  1644. Dopaminergics
  1645. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Carbidopa-Levodopa
  1646. Core Drug Knowledge
  1647. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1648. Pharmacokinetics
  1649. Pharmacodynamics
  1650. Contraindications and Precautions
  1651. Adverse Effects
  1652. BOX 21.1: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  1653. Treating Hypomobility in Parkinson Disease
  1654. Drug Interactions
  1655. TABLE 21.2: Agents That Interact with Carbidopa-Levodopa
  1656. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1657. Health Status
  1658. BOX 21.2: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  1659. Rationale
  1660. The Study
  1661. Nursing Implications
  1662. Life Span and Gender
  1663. Lifestyle, Diet and Habits
  1664. Environment
  1665. Culture and Inherited Traits
  1666. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1667. Planning and Intervention
  1668. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1669. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1670. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1671. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1672. Drugs Closely Related to Carbidopa-Levodopa
  1673. Amantadine
  1674. Selegiline
  1675. MEMORY CHIP : Carbidopa-Levodopa
  1676. Rasagiline
  1677. Drugs Significantly Different From parbidopa-Levodopa
  1678. Dopamine Agonists
  1679. Bromocriptine
  1680. Pergolide
  1681. Pramipexole
  1682. Ropinirole
  1683. Catecholamine O-Methyl Transferase Inhibitors
  1684. Tolcapone
  1685. Entacapone
  1686. Centrally Acting Anticholinergic Drugs
  1687. ANTI-AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS DRUGS
  1688. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Riluzole
  1689. Core Drug Knowledge
  1690. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1691. Pharmacokinetics
  1692. TABLE 21.3: Summary of Selected Drugs for the Management of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
  1693. Pharmacodynamics
  1694. Contraindications and Precautions
  1695. Adverse Effects
  1696. Drug Interactions
  1697. TABLE 21.4: Agents That Interact with Riluzole
  1698. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1699. Health Status
  1700. Life Span and Gender
  1701. Lifestyle, Diet and Habits
  1702. Environment
  1703. Culture and Inherited Traits
  1704. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1705. Planning and Intervention
  1706. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1707. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1708. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1709. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1710. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: RILUZOLE AND REALITY
  1711. Drugs Significantly Different From Riluzole
  1712. Creatine
  1713. Drugs for Symptom Abatement
  1714. MEMORY CHIP : Riluzole
  1715. ANTI-MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS DRUGS
  1716. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Glatiramer
  1717. Core Drug Knowledge
  1718. Pharmacotherapeutlcs
  1719. Pharmacokinetics
  1720. TABLE 21.5: Summary of Selected Drugs for the Management of Multiple Sclerosis
  1721. Pharmacodynamics
  1722. Contraindications and Precautions
  1723. Adverse Effects
  1724. Drug Interactions
  1725. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1726. Health Status
  1727. Life Span and Gender
  1728. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  1729. Environment
  1730. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1731. Planning and Intervention
  1732. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1733. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1734. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1735. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1736. Drugs Significantly Different From Glatiramer
  1737. Interferons
  1738. MEMORY CHIP : Glatiramer
  1739. Mitoxantrone
  1740. Natalizumab
  1741. Dalfampridine
  1742. Fingolimod
  1743. Drugs for Symptom Abatement
  1744. OTHER MOVEMENT DISORDERS AND RELATED DRUG THERAPY
  1745. Myasthenia Gravis
  1746. Huntington Disease
  1747. Gilles de la Tourette Disease
  1748. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  1749. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  1750. NEED MORE HELP?
  1751. REFERENCES
  1752. 22: Drugs Stimulating the Central Nervous System
  1753. Learning Objectives
  1754. Key Terms
  1755. Drugs Stimulating the Central Nervous System
  1756. PHYSIOLOGY
  1757. FIGURE 22.1
  1758. FIGURE 22.2
  1759. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  1760. Narcolepsy
  1761. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  1762. BOX 22.1: DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR ADHD
  1763. Overweight and Obesity
  1764. BOX 22.2: BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) CATEGORIES)
  1765. TABLE 22.1: Prevalence of Obesity in the United States
  1766. BOX 22.3: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  1767. Limitation of Pharmacotherapy for Weight Loss
  1768. The Study
  1769. Nursing Implications
  1770. Respiratory Stimulation
  1771. CENTRALLY ACTING CNS STIMULANTS
  1772. TABLE 22.2: Summary of Selected CNS Stimulants
  1773. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Dextroamphetamine
  1774. Core Drug Knowledge
  1775. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1776. Pharmacokinetics
  1777. Pharmacodynamics
  1778. Contraindications and Precautions
  1779. Adverse Effects
  1780. Drug Interactions
  1781. TABLE 22.3: Agents That Interact with Dextroamphetamine
  1782. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1783. Health Status
  1784. Life Span and Gender
  1785. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  1786. Environment
  1787. Culture and Inherited Traits
  1788. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1789. Planning and Intervention
  1790. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1791. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1792. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1793. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1794. MEMORY CHIP : Dextroamphetamine
  1795. Drugs Closely Related to Dextroamphetamine
  1796. Amphetamine Salts
  1797. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: PHARMACOTHERAPY AND ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
  1798. Dexmethylphenidate
  1799. Lisdexamfetamine
  1800. Methylphenidate
  1801. Drugs Significantly Different From Dextroamphetamine
  1802. Atomoxetine
  1803. Guanfacine
  1804. Modafinil
  1805. Antihypertensive Agents
  1806. Antidepressants
  1807. ANORECTIC AGENTS
  1808. TABLE 22.4: Summary of Selected Anorectic CNS Stimulants
  1809. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Phentermine
  1810. Core Drug Knowledge
  1811. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1812. Pharmacokinetics
  1813. Pharmacodynamics
  1814. Contraindications and Precautions
  1815. Adverse Effects
  1816. Drug Interactions
  1817. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1818. Health Status
  1819. Life Span and Gender
  1820. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  1821. TABLE 22.5: Agents That Interact with Phentermine
  1822. Environment
  1823. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1824. Planning and Intervention
  1825. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1826. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1827. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1828. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1829. Drug Significantly Different From Phentermine
  1830. Adrenergic Drugs
  1831. MEMORY CHIP : Phentermine
  1832. Orlistat
  1833. Off-Label Medications
  1834. Serotonergic Drugs
  1835. RESPIRATORY STIMULANTS
  1836. TABLE 22.6: Summary of Selected Respiratory Stimulants
  1837. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Caffeine
  1838. Core Drug Knowledge
  1839. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1840. Pharmacokinetics
  1841. Pharmacodynamics
  1842. Contraindications and Precautions
  1843. Adverse Effects
  1844. Drug Interactions
  1845. TABLE 22.7: Agents That Interact with Caffeine
  1846. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1847. Health Status
  1848. Life Span and Gender
  1849. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  1850. Environment
  1851. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1852. Planning and Intervention
  1853. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1854. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1855. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1856. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1857. Drug Closely Related to Caffeine
  1858. MEMORY CHIP : Caffeine
  1859. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  1860. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  1861. NEED MORE HELP?
  1862. REFERENCES
  1863. UNIT 6: Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Druas
  1864. 23: Drugs Treating Severe Pain
  1865. Learning Objectives
  1866. Key Terms
  1867. Drugs Treating Severe Pain
  1868. PHYSIOLOGY
  1869. FIGURE 23.1
  1870. Components That Influence Pain
  1871. Types of Pain
  1872. DRUG THERAPY TO MANAGE PAIN
  1873. BOX 23.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  1874. Antiepileptics as Adjuncts for Postoperative Pain Control
  1875. The Study
  1876. Nursing Implications
  1877. TABLE 23.1: Nonpharmacologic Techniques Used in Pain Control
  1878. FIGURE 23.2
  1879. NARCOTIC ANALGESICS
  1880. TABLE 23.2: Equianalgesic Doses* (mg) of Selected Narcotic Analgesics
  1881. Strong Narcotic Agonists
  1882. TABLE 23.3: Summary of Selected Narcotic Analgesics and Antagonists in Adults
  1883. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Morphine
  1884. Core Drug Knowledge
  1885. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1886. Pharmacokinetics
  1887. Pharmacodynamics
  1888. BOX 23.2: SECONDARY PHARMACOLOGIC ACTIONS OF MORPHINE AND OTHER NARCOTICS
  1889. Contraindications and Precautions
  1890. Adverse Effects
  1891. Drug Interactions
  1892. TABLE 23.4: Agents That Interact With Morphine
  1893. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1894. Health Status
  1895. Life Span and Gender
  1896. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  1897. BOX 23.3: DETERMINING OPIOID TOLERANCE
  1898. Environment
  1899. Culture and Inherited Traits
  1900. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT DRUG THERAPY IN PAIN MANAGEMENT
  1901. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1902. Planning and Intervention
  1903. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1904. ASSESSING PAIN
  1905. FIGURE 23.3
  1906. PROVIDING ANALGESIA
  1907. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1908. BOX 23.4: MINIMIZING ADVERSE EFFECTS OF MORPHINE
  1909. For All
  1910. Respiratory Depression
  1911. Hypotension
  1912. Constipation
  1913. Urinary Retention and Decreased Urinary Output
  1914. Light-headedness, Dizziness, and Sedation
  1915. Nausea and Vomiting
  1916. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1917. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1918. MEMORY CHIP : Morphine
  1919. Drugs Closely Related to Morphine
  1920. Hydromorphone
  1921. Levorphanol
  1922. Oxycodone
  1923. Oxymorphone
  1924. Meperidine
  1925. Fentanyl
  1926. BOX 23.5: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  1927. Teaching About Transdermal Fentanyl
  1928. Alfentanil
  1929. Sufentanil
  1930. Methadone
  1931. Remifentanil
  1932. Tramadol
  1933. Drug Significantly Different From Morphine
  1934. Mild Narcotic Agonists
  1935. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Codeine
  1936. Core Drug Knowledge
  1937. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1938. Pharmacokinetics
  1939. Pharmacodynamics
  1940. Contraindications and Precautions
  1941. Adverse Effects
  1942. Drug Interactions
  1943. TABLE 23.5: Agents That Interact with Codeine
  1944. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1945. Health Status
  1946. Life Span and Gender
  1947. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  1948. Environment
  1949. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1950. Planning and Intervention
  1951. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1952. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1953. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1954. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1955. Drugs Closely Related to Codeine
  1956. Hydrocodone
  1957. Narcotic Agonist-Antagonists
  1958. MEMORY CHIP : Codeine
  1959. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Pentazocine
  1960. Core Drug Knowledge
  1961. Pharmacotherapeutics
  1962. Pharmacokinetics
  1963. Pharmacodynamics
  1964. Contraindications and Precautions
  1965. Adverse Effects
  1966. Drug Interactions
  1967. TABLE 23.6: Agents That Interact with Pentazocine
  1968. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  1969. Health Status
  1970. Life Span and Gender
  1971. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  1972. Environment
  1973. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  1974. Planning and Intervention
  1975. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  1976. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  1977. Providing Patient and Family Education
  1978. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  1979. MEMORY CHIP : Pentazocine
  1980. Drugs Closely Related to Pentazocine
  1981. Buprenorphine
  1982. Butorphanol
  1983. Nalbuphine
  1984. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  1985. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  1986. NEED MORE HELP?
  1987. REFERENCES
  1988. 24: Drugs Treating Mild to Moderate Pain, Fever, Inflammation, and Migraine Headache
  1989. Learning Objectives
  1990. Key Terms
  1991. Drugs Treating Mild to Moderate Pain, Fever, Inflammation, and Migraine Headache
  1992. PHYSIOLOGY
  1993. Fever
  1994. Inflammation
  1995. Prostaglandin Synthesis
  1996. FIGURE 24.1
  1997. Pain
  1998. Platelet Aggregation
  1999. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  2000. Migraine Headache
  2001. BOX 24.1: INTERNATIONAL CLASSIFICATION OF HEADACHES
  2002. The Primary Headaches
  2003. The Secondary Headaches
  2004. Cranial Neuralgias Central and Primary Facial Pain and Other Headaches
  2005. BOX 24.2: PHASES OF MIGRAINE HEADACHE
  2006. Prodromal Phase (symptoms vary)
  2007. Aura Phase
  2008. Headache Phase
  2009. Postheadache Phase
  2010. DRUGS TO TREAT INFLAMMATION AND FEVER
  2011. NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS
  2012. Salicylates
  2013. TABLE 24.1: Summary of Selected Salicylates
  2014. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Aspirin
  2015. Core Drug Knowledge
  2016. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2017. Pharmacokinetics
  2018. Pharmacodynamics
  2019. Contraindications and Precautions
  2020. Adverse Effects
  2021. Drug Interactions
  2022. TABLE 24.2: Agents That Interact with Aspirin
  2023. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2024. Health Status
  2025. Life Span and Gender
  2026. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  2027. Environment
  2028. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2029. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: ASPIRIN THERAPY FOR ARTHRITIS
  2030. Planning and Intervention
  2031. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2032. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2033. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2034. MEMORY CHIP : Aspirin
  2035. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2036. Drugs Closely Related to Aspirin
  2037. Diflunisal
  2038. Salsalate
  2039. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
  2040. BOX 24.3: SELECTIVITY OF NSAIDS
  2041. TABLE 24.3: Summary of Selected Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
  2042. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Ibuprofen
  2043. Core Drug Knowledge
  2044. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2045. TABLE 24.4: Indications for Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
  2046. Pharmacokinetics
  2047. Pharmacodynamics
  2048. Contraindications and Precautions
  2049. Adverse Effects
  2050. Drug Interactions
  2051. TABLE 24.5: Agents That Interact with Ibuprofen
  2052. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2053. Health Status
  2054. Life Span and Gender
  2055. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  2056. Environment
  2057. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2058. Planning and Intervention
  2059. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2060. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2061. BOX 24.4: USING MISOPROSTOL TO REDUCE NSAID ADVERSE EFFECTS
  2062. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2063. MEMORY CHIP : Ibuprofen
  2064. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2065. Drugs Closely Related to Ibuprofen
  2066. Propionic Acids
  2067. Acetic Acids
  2068. Fenamates
  2069. Oxicams
  2070. Ophthalmic NSAIDs
  2071. COX-2 Inhibitors
  2072. Celecoxib
  2073. Para-aminophenol Derivatives
  2074. TABLE 24.6: Summary of Selected Para-Aminophenol Derivatives
  2075. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Acetaminophen
  2076. Core Drug Knowledge
  2077. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2078. Pharmacokinetics
  2079. Pharmacodynamics
  2080. Contraindications and Precautions
  2081. Adverse Effects
  2082. Drug Interactions
  2083. TABLE 24.7: Agents That Interact with Acetaminophen
  2084. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2085. Health Status
  2086. Life Span and Gender
  2087. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  2088. Environment
  2089. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2090. Planning and Intervention
  2091. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2092. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2093. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2094. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2095. MEMORY CHIP : Acetaminophen
  2096. Serotonin-Selective Agonists
  2097. BOX 24.5: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  2098. TELCAGEPANT FOR THE ACUTE TREATMENT OF MIGRAINE
  2099. The Study
  2100. Nursing Implications
  2101. TABLE 24.8: Summary of Serotonin-Selective Agonists
  2102. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Sumatriptan
  2103. Core Drug Knowledge
  2104. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2105. Pharmacokinetics
  2106. Pharmacodynamics
  2107. Contraindications and Precautions
  2108. Adverse Effects
  2109. Drug Interactions
  2110. TABLE 24.9: Agents That Interact with Sumatriptan
  2111. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2112. Health Status
  2113. BOX 24.6: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  2114. Migraine Headache Triggers
  2115. Physiologic Triggers
  2116. Dietary Triggers
  2117. Psychological Triggers
  2118. Environmental Triggers
  2119. Pharmacologic Triggers
  2120. Life Span and Gender
  2121. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  2122. Environment
  2123. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
  2124. Planning and Intervention
  2125. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2126. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2127. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2128. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2129. BOX 24.7: SEROTONIN SYNDROME
  2130. Drugs Closely Related to Sumatriptan
  2131. Almotriptan
  2132. Eletriptan
  2133. Frovatriptan
  2134. Naratriptan
  2135. Rizatriptan
  2136. Zolmitriptan
  2137. Drugs Significantly Different From Sumatriptan
  2138. Ergotamine
  2139. MEMORY CHIP : Sumatriptan
  2140. Dihydroergotamine
  2141. Analgesics
  2142. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
  2143. DRUGS USED AS PROPHYLAXIS FOR MIGRAINE HEADACHE
  2144. Antiepileptics
  2145. Antidepressants
  2146. Beta-Adrenergic Blocking Agents
  2147. Calcium Channel Blockers
  2148. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  2149. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  2150. NEED MORE HELP?
  2151. REFERENCES
  2152. 25: Drugs Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis and Gout
  2153. Learning Objectives
  2154. Key Terms
  2155. Drugs Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis and Gout
  2156. FIGURE 25.1
  2157. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  2158. Rheumatoid Arthritis
  2159. BOX 25.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  2160. Therapeutic Alternative for Chronic Gout
  2161. The Study
  2162. Nursing Implications
  2163. Gout
  2164. FIGURE 25.2
  2165. DISEASE-MODIFYING ANTIRHEUMATIC DRUGS
  2166. Nonbiological DMARDs
  2167. TABLE 25.1: Summary of Selected Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
  2168. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Methotrexate
  2169. Core Drug Knowledge
  2170. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2171. Pharmacokinetics
  2172. Pharmacodynamics
  2173. Contraindications and Precautions
  2174. BOX 25.2: METHOTREXATE BLACK BOX WARNINGS
  2175. Adverse Effects
  2176. Drug Interactions
  2177. TABLE 25.2: Agents That Interact with Methotrexate
  2178. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2179. Health Status
  2180. Life Span and Gender
  2181. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  2182. Environment
  2183. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2184. Planning and Intervention
  2185. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2186. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2187. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2188. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2189. Drugs Similar to Methotrexate
  2190. Azathioprine
  2191. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: DMARD THERAPY
  2192. MEMORY CHIP : Methotrexate
  2193. Gold Salts
  2194. Hydroxychloroquine
  2195. Leflunomide
  2196. Minocycline
  2197. d-Penicillamine
  2198. Sulfasalazine
  2199. Drugs Significantly Different From Methotrexate
  2200. Cyclophosphamide
  2201. Cyclosporine
  2202. Glucocorticoid Steroids
  2203. BIOLOGICAL DMARDS
  2204. TABLE 25.3: Summary of Selected Biological Drugs
  2205. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Etanercept
  2206. Core Drug Knowledge
  2207. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2208. Pharmacokinetics
  2209. Pharmacodynamics
  2210. Contraindications and Precautions
  2211. Adverse Effects
  2212. Drug Interactions
  2213. TABLE 25.4: Agents That Interact with Etanercept
  2214. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2215. Health Status
  2216. Lifespan and Gender
  2217. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  2218. Environment
  2219. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2220. Planning and Intervention
  2221. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2222. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2223. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2224. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2225. Drugs Closely Related to Etanercept
  2226. Adalimumab
  2227. Certolizumab Pegol
  2228. MEMORY CHIP : Etanercept
  2229. Golimumab
  2230. Infliximab
  2231. Drugs Significantly Different From Etanercept
  2232. Abatacept
  2233. Anakinra
  2234. Rituximab
  2235. Tocilizumab
  2236. ANTIGOUT DRUGS
  2237. Drugs for Treating Acute Gout
  2238. TABLE 25.5: Summary of Selected Antigout Drugs
  2239. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Colchicine
  2240. Core Drug Knowledge
  2241. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2242. Pharmacokinetics
  2243. Pharmacodynamics
  2244. Contraindications and Precautions
  2245. Adverse Effects
  2246. Drug Interactions
  2247. TABLE 25.6: Agents That Interact with Colchicine
  2248. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2249. Health Status
  2250. Life Span and Gender
  2251. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  2252. Environment
  2253. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2254. Planning and Intervention
  2255. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2256. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2257. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2258. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2259. MEMORY CHIP : Colchicine
  2260. Drugs Significantly Different From Colchicine
  2261. Drugs for Gout Prophylaxis
  2262. TABLE 25.7: Summary of Selected Uricosuric Drugs
  2263. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Allopurinol
  2264. Core Drug Knowledge
  2265. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2266. Pharmacokinetics
  2267. Pharmacodynamics
  2268. Contraindications and Precautions
  2269. Adverse Effects
  2270. Drug Interactions
  2271. TABLE 25.8: Agents That Interact with Allopurinol
  2272. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2273. Health Status
  2274. Life Span and Gender
  2275. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  2276. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2277. Planning and Intervention
  2278. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2279. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2280. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2281. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2282. Drugs Similar to Allopurinol
  2283. Febuxostat
  2284. MEMORY CHIP : Allopurinol
  2285. Drugs Significantly Different From Allopurinol
  2286. Probenecid
  2287. Sulfinpyrazone
  2288. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  2289. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  2290. NEED MORE HELP?
  2291. REFERENCES
  2292. UNIT 7: Hematopoietic, Cardiovascular, and Renal System Drugs
  2293. 26: Drugs Affecting Blood Pressure
  2294. Learning Objectives
  2295. Key Terms
  2296. Drugs Affecting Blood Pressure
  2297. PHYSIOLOGY
  2298. FIGURE 26.1
  2299. Role of Adrenergic Receptors
  2300. Role of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System
  2301. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  2302. BOX 26.1: UNDERSTANDING BMI
  2303. BOX 26.2: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  2304. Obesity, High Blood Pressure, and School-Aged Children
  2305. The Study
  2306. Nursing Implications
  2307. TABLE 26.1: Blood Pressure and Hypertension Categories*
  2308. BOX 26.3: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  2309. Hypertensive Crisis
  2310. LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION AND HYPERTENSION
  2311. TABLE 26.2: Two Examples of Daily Dietary Patterns That Are Consistent With AHA-Recommended Dietary Goals at 2000 Calories
  2312. OVERVIEW OF DRUG THERAPY AND HYPERTENSION
  2313. FIGURE 26.2
  2314. TABLE 26.3: Health Status Considerations for Selecting Drugs as First-Line Therapy for Hypertension
  2315. TABLE 26.4: Summary of Selected Summary of Selected
  2316. FIRST-LINE DRUGS TO TREAT HYPERTENSION
  2317. Diuretics
  2318. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Hydrochlorothiazide
  2319. BOX 26.4: TIPS FOR HELPING AFRICAN-AMERICANS WITH HYPERTENSION
  2320. Beta Blockers
  2321. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Metoprolol
  2322. Drugs Significantly Different from Metoprolol
  2323. Labetalol
  2324. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: MANAGING COMPLICATIONS OF LABETALOL THERAPY
  2325. Calcium Channel Blockers
  2326. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Verapamil
  2327. ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS
  2328. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Captopril
  2329. Core Drug Knowledge
  2330. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2331. Pharmacokinetics
  2332. Pharmacodynamics
  2333. Contraindications and Precautions
  2334. Adverse Effects
  2335. Drug Interactions
  2336. TABLE 26.5: Agents That Interact with Captopril
  2337. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2338. Health Status
  2339. Life Span and Gender
  2340. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  2341. Environment
  2342. Culture and Inherited Traits
  2343. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2344. Planning and Intervention
  2345. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2346. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2347. FIRST-DOSE HYPOTENSION
  2348. HYPOTENSION
  2349. Altered Laboratory Results
  2350. Allergic Reactions
  2351. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2352. On going Assessment and Evaluation
  2353. MEMORY CHIP : Captopril
  2354. Drugs Closely Related to Captopril
  2355. Drugs Significantly Different From Captopril
  2356. ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR BLOCKERS
  2357. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Losartan
  2358. Core Drug Knowledge
  2359. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2360. Pharmacokinetics
  2361. Pharmacodynamics
  2362. Contraindications and Precautions
  2363. Adverse Effects
  2364. Drug Interactions
  2365. TABLE 26.6: Agents That Interact with Losartan
  2366. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2367. Health Status
  2368. Life Span and Gender
  2369. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  2370. Environment
  2371. Culture and Inherited Traits
  2372. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2373. Planning and Intervention
  2374. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2375. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2376. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2377. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2378. MEMORY CHIP : Losartan
  2379. Drugs Closely Related to Losartan
  2380. DRUGS USED AS SECOND-LINE ANTIHYPERTENSIVES
  2381. Selective Aldosterone Blockers
  2382. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Eplerenone
  2383. Core Drug Knowledge
  2384. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2385. Pharmacokinetics
  2386. Pharmacodynamics
  2387. Contraindications and Precautions
  2388. Adverse Effects
  2389. Drug Interactions
  2390. TABLE 26.7: Agents That Interact with Eplerenone
  2391. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2392. Health Status
  2393. Life Span and Gender
  2394. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  2395. Environment
  2396. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2397. Planning and Intervention
  2398. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2399. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2400. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2401. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2402. Drug Significantly Different From Eplerenone
  2403. Spironolactone
  2404. MEMORY CHIP : Eplerenone
  2405. Direct-Acting Vasodilators
  2406. Centrally Acting Alpha-2 Agonists
  2407. Peripherally Acting Alpha-1 Blockers
  2408. Peripherally Acting Antiadrenergics
  2409. ADJUNCT THERAPY IN HYPERTENSION
  2410. Antihyperlipidemic Drugs
  2411. Nitrates
  2412. DRUGS USED IN HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS
  2413. TABLE 26.8: Summary of Selected Drugs for Hypertensive Crisis
  2414. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Nitroprusside
  2415. Core Drug Knowledge
  2416. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2417. Pharmacokinetics
  2418. Pharmacodynamics
  2419. Contraindications and Precautions
  2420. Adverse Effects
  2421. Drug Interactions
  2422. TABLE 26.9: Agents That Interact with Nitroprusside
  2423. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2424. Health Status
  2425. Life Span and Gender
  2426. Environment
  2427. Culture and Inherited Traits
  2428. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2429. Planning and Intervention
  2430. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2431. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2432. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2433. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2434. Drugs Closely Related to Nitroprusside
  2435. Fenoldopam
  2436. MEMORY CHIP : Nitroprusside
  2437. Trimethaphan
  2438. Drugs Significantly Different From Nitroprusside
  2439. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SHOCK
  2440. DRUGS TO TREAT HYPOTENSION RESULTING FROM SHOCK
  2441. Vasopressors
  2442. TABLE 26.10: Summary of Selected Vasopressors
  2443. Dopamine
  2444. Dobutamine
  2445. Isoproterenol
  2446. Epinephrine
  2447. Norepinephrine
  2448. Ephedrine
  2449. Metaraminol
  2450. DRUGS TO TREAT HYPOTENSION RESULTING FROM VARIOUS MECHANISMS
  2451. Phenylephrine
  2452. Midodrine
  2453. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  2454. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  2455. NEED MORE HELP?
  2456. REFERENCES
  2457. 27: Drugs Affecting Urinary Output
  2458. Learning Objectives
  2459. Key Terms
  2460. Drugs Affecting Urinary Output
  2461. PHYSIOLOGY
  2462. FIGURE 27.1
  2463. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  2464. BOX 27.1: STAGES OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE)
  2465. THIAZIDE DIURETICS
  2466. TABLE 27.1: Summary of Selected Diuretic Drugs
  2467. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Hydrochlorothiazide
  2468. Core Drug Knowledge
  2469. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2470. Pharmacokinetics
  2471. Pharmacodynamics
  2472. Contraindications and Precautions
  2473. Adverse Effects
  2474. Drug Interactions
  2475. TABLE 27.2: Agents That Interact with Hydrochlorothiazide
  2476. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2477. Health Status
  2478. Life Span and Gender
  2479. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  2480. Environment
  2481. Culture and Inherited Traits
  2482. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2483. Planning and Intervention
  2484. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2485. BOX 27.2: Factors That Can Decrease Adherence to Diuretic Therapy
  2486. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2487. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2488. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2489. Drugs Closely Related to Hydrochlorothiazide
  2490. Drugs Significantly Different From Hydrochlorothiazide
  2491. MEMORY CHIP : Hydrochlorothiazide
  2492. LOOP DIURETICS
  2493. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Furosemide
  2494. Core Drug Knowledge
  2495. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2496. Pharmacokinetics
  2497. TABLE 27.3: Agents That Interact with Furosemide
  2498. Pharmacodynamics
  2499. Contraindications and Precautions
  2500. Adverse Effects
  2501. Drug Interactions
  2502. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2503. Health Status
  2504. Life Span and Gender
  2505. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  2506. BOX 27.3: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  2507. What Is the Proper Dose of Furosemide for Treating Acute Decompensated Heart Failure?
  2508. The Study
  2509. Nursing Implications
  2510. Environment
  2511. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2512. Planning and Intervention
  2513. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2514. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2515. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2516. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2517. Drugs Closely Related to Furosemide
  2518. MEMORY CHIP : Furosemide
  2519. POTASSIUM-SPARING DIURETICS
  2520. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Triamterene
  2521. Core Drug Knowledge
  2522. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2523. Pharmacokinetics
  2524. Pharmacodynamlcs
  2525. Contraindications and Precautions
  2526. Adverse Effects
  2527. Drug Interactions
  2528. TABLE 27.4: Agents That Interact with Triamterene
  2529. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2530. Health Status
  2531. Life Span and Gender
  2532. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  2533. Environment
  2534. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2535. Planning and Intervention
  2536. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2537. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2538. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2539. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: ADDING TRIAMTERENE TO HYPERTENSION THERAPY
  2540. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2541. Drug Closely Related to Triamterene
  2542. MEMORY CHIP : Triamterene
  2543. Drugs Significantly Different From Triamterene
  2544. Spironolactone
  2545. Eplerenone
  2546. OSMOTIC DIURETICS
  2547. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Mannitol
  2548. Core Drug Knowledge
  2549. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2550. Pharmacokinetics
  2551. Pharmacodynamics
  2552. Contraindications and Precautions
  2553. Adverse Effects
  2554. Drug Interactions
  2555. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2556. Health Status
  2557. Life Span and Gender
  2558. Environment
  2559. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
  2560. Planning and Intervention
  2561. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2562. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2563. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2564. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2565. Drugs Closely Related to Mannitol
  2566. Glycerin (Glycerol)
  2567. MEMORY CHIP : Mannitol
  2568. Isosorbide
  2569. Urea
  2570. CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS
  2571. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Acetazolamide
  2572. Core Drug Knowledge
  2573. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2574. Pharmacokinetics
  2575. Pharmacodynamics
  2576. Contraindications and Precautions
  2577. Adverse Effects
  2578. Drug Interactions
  2579. TABLE 27.5: Agents That Interact with Acetazolamide
  2580. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables Health Status
  2581. Life Span and Gender
  2582. Environment
  2583. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2584. Planning and Intervention
  2585. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2586. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2587. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2588. MEMORY CHIP : Acetazolamide
  2589. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2590. Drugs Closely Related to Acetazolamide
  2591. ANTICHOUNERGIC AGENTS
  2592. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Tolterodine
  2593. Core Drug Knowledge
  2594. Pharmacotherapeutlcs
  2595. Pharmacokinetlcs
  2596. Pharmacodynamics
  2597. Contraindications and Precautions
  2598. Adverse Effects
  2599. Drug Interactions
  2600. TABLE 27.6: Agents That Interact with Tolterodine
  2601. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2602. Health Status
  2603. Life Span and Gender
  2604. Environment
  2605. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcomes
  2606. Planning and Intervention
  2607. Maximizing Therapeutic Effect
  2608. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2609. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2610. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2611. MEMORY CHIP : Tolterodine
  2612. Drugs Closely Related to Tolterodine
  2613. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  2614. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  2615. NEED MORE HELP?
  2616. REFERENCES
  2617. 28: Drugs Affecting Lipid Levels
  2618. Learning Objectives
  2619. Key Terms
  2620. Drugs Affecting Lipid Levels
  2621. PHYSIOLOGY
  2622. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  2623. BOX 28.1: INTERPRETING BLOOD LIPID LEVELS
  2624. Total Cholesterol
  2625. High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
  2626. Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Cholesterol
  2627. Non-HDL Concentration (recommended as second target of therapy if triglycerides greater than or equal to 200 mg/dL)
  2628. Lifestyle and Reduction of Low-Density Lipoprotein Levels
  2629. TABLE 28.1: Daily Dietary Recommendations in Therapeutic Lifestyle Change
  2630. BOX 28.2: CORONARY HEART DISEASE (CHD) EQUIVALENTS AND MAJOR RISK FACTORS FOR CHD
  2631. ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMICS
  2632. Statins
  2633. BOX 28.3: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  2634. Statins Are Underprescribed
  2635. The Study
  2636. Nursing Implications
  2637. TABLE 28.2: Summary of Selected Antihyperlipidemics
  2638. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Lovastatin
  2639. Core Drug Knowledge
  2640. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2641. Pharmacokinetics
  2642. Pharmacodynamics
  2643. Contraindications and Precautions
  2644. Adverse Effects
  2645. Drug Interactions
  2646. TABLE 28.3: Agents That Interact with Lovastain
  2647. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: MANAGING ADVERSE EFFECTS OF LOVASTATIN THERAPY
  2648. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2649. Health Status
  2650. Life Span and Gender
  2651. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  2652. Environment
  2653. Culture and Inherited Traits
  2654. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2655. Planning and Intervention
  2656. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2657. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2658. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2659. BOX 28.4: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  2660. Diet Teaching to Lower Cholesterol Levels
  2661. Unsaturated oils such as olive oil, corn oil, and safflower oil
  2662. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2663. MEMORY CHIP : Lovastatin
  2664. Drugs Closely Related to Lovastatin
  2665. TABLE 28.4: Comparison of Statins
  2666. Drugs Significantly Different From Lovastatin
  2667. Fibric Acid Derivatives
  2668. Fenofibrate
  2669. Gemfibrozil
  2670. Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitor: Ezetimibe
  2671. Nicotinic Acid
  2672. Bile Acid Sequestrants
  2673. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  2674. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  2675. NEED MORE HELP?
  2676. REFERENCES
  2677. 29: Drugs Treating Heart Failure
  2678. Learning Objectives
  2679. Key Terms
  2680. Drugs Treating Heart Failure
  2681. PHYSIOLOGY
  2682. FIGURE 29.1.
  2683. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  2684. BOX 29.1: NEW YORK HEART ASSOCIATION CLASSIFICATION FOR CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
  2685. Display 29.1.
  2686. DRUGS TO TREAT CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
  2687. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: MULTIPLE DRUG THERAPY FOR CHRONIC HEART FAILURE
  2688. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
  2689. Loop Diuretics
  2690. Beta Blockers
  2691. Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers
  2692. Aldosterone Antagonists
  2693. Cardiac Glycosides
  2694. Combination Vasodilator–Antianginal Drugs
  2695. Drugs Under Investigation for Use in CHF
  2696. Drugs to Be Avoided in Heart Failure
  2697. CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES
  2698. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Digoxin
  2699. Core Drug Knowledge
  2700. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2701. TABLE 29.1: Summary of Selected Drugs Used to Treat Heart Failure
  2702. Pharmacokinetics
  2703. Pharmacodynamics
  2704. Contraindications and Precautions
  2705. Adverse Effects
  2706. Drug Interactions
  2707. TABLE 29.2: Agents That Interact with Digoxin
  2708. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2709. Health Status
  2710. BOX 29.2: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  2711. The Study
  2712. Nursing Implications
  2713. Life Span and Gender
  2714. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  2715. Environment
  2716. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2717. Planning and Intervention
  2718. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2719. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2720. BOX 29.3: MINIMIZING ADVERSE EFFECTS FROM DIGOXIN TOXICITY
  2721. Monitor serum digoxin levels
  2722. Assess for bradycardia
  2723. Correct electrolyte imbalances
  2724. Assess for other symptoms of digoxin toxicity
  2725. Treatment of digoxin-induced arrhythmias
  2726. Use of the digoxin antidote
  2727. Miscellaneous
  2728. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2729. BOX 29.4: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  2730. Prevention of Digoxin Poisoning
  2731. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2732. Drugs Significantly Different From Digoxin
  2733. Vasodilator–Antianginal Combinations
  2734. MEMORY CHIP : Digoxin
  2735. NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES
  2736. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Nesiritide
  2737. Core Drug Knowledge
  2738. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2739. Pharmacokinetics
  2740. Pharmacodynamics
  2741. Contraindications and Precautions
  2742. Adverse Effects
  2743. Drug Interactions
  2744. TABLE 29.3: Agents That Interact with Nesiritide
  2745. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2746. Health Status
  2747. Life Span and Gender
  2748. Environment
  2749. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
  2750. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2751. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2752. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2753. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2754. Drugs Significantly Different From Nesiritide
  2755. Inamrinone
  2756. MEMORY CHIP : Nesiritide
  2757. Milrinone
  2758. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  2759. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  2760. NEED MORE HELP?
  2761. REFERENCES
  2762. 30: Drugs Treating Angina
  2763. Learning Objectives
  2764. Key Terms
  2765. Drugs Treating Angina
  2766. PHYSIOLOGY
  2767. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  2768. DRUGS TO TREAT ANGINA
  2769. TABLE 30.1: Summary of Selected Antianginal Drugs
  2770. Beta Blockers
  2771. Calcium Channel Blockers
  2772. Nitrates
  2773. Adjunct Drug Therapies
  2774. NITRATES
  2775. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Nitroglycerin
  2776. Core Drug Knowledge
  2777. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2778. Pharmacokinetics
  2779. Pharmacodynamics
  2780. Contraindications and Precautions
  2781. Adverse Effects
  2782. Drug Interactions
  2783. TABLE 30.2: Agents That Interact with Nitroglycerin
  2784. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2785. Health Status
  2786. Life Span and Gender
  2787. BOX 30.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  2788. Symptoms Across the Continuum of Acute Coronary Syndromes: Differences Between Women and Men
  2789. The Study
  2790. Nursing Implications
  2791. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: NITROGLYCERIN
  2792. Lifestyle, Diet and Habits
  2793. Environment
  2794. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2795. Planning and Intervention
  2796. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2797. SUBLINGUAL TABLETS
  2798. TOPICAL OINTMENT AND TRANSDERMAL PATCHES
  2799. TRANSUNGUAL SPRAY
  2800. INTRAVENOUS
  2801. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2802. ALL ROUTES
  2803. SUBUNGUAL
  2804. TRANSDERMAL
  2805. INTRAVENOUS
  2806. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2807. BOX 30.2: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  2808. Chest Pain or Heart Attack?
  2809. ALL ROUTES
  2810. SUBLINGUAL TABLETS
  2811. TRANSUNGUAL SPRAY
  2812. TRANSMUCOSAL TABLETS
  2813. SUSTAINED-RELEASE TABLETS
  2814. OINTMENTS
  2815. TRANSDERMAL PATCHES
  2816. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2817. MEMORY CHIP : Nitroglycerin
  2818. Drugs Closely Related to Nitroglycerin
  2819. Drug Significantly Different From Nitroglycerin
  2820. Management of Chronic Stable Angina Pectoris
  2821. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  2822. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  2823. NEED MORE HELP?
  2824. REFERENCES
  2825. 31: Drugs Affecting Cardiac Rhythm
  2826. Learning Objectives
  2827. Key Terms
  2828. Drugs Affecting Cardiac Rhythm
  2829. PHYSIOLOGY
  2830. FIGURE 31.1
  2831. FIGURE 31.2
  2832. FIGURE 31.3
  2833. FIGURE 31.4
  2834. FIGURE 31.5
  2835. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  2836. FIGURE 31.6
  2837. FIGURE 31.7
  2838. BOX 31.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  2839. Treatment Options with Atrial Fibrillation
  2840. The Study
  2841. Nursing Implications
  2842. DRUGS AND OTHER THERAPIES TO TREAT ARRHYTHMIAS
  2843. FIGURE 31.8
  2844. FIGURE 31.9
  2845. CLASS I ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS
  2846. TABLE 31.1: Summary of Selected Class I Antiarrhythmics
  2847. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Lidocaine
  2848. Core Drug Knowledge
  2849. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2850. Pharmacokinetics
  2851. Pharmacodynamics
  2852. Contraindications and Precautions
  2853. Adverse Effects
  2854. Drug Interactions
  2855. TABLE 31.2: Agents That Interact with Lidocaine
  2856. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2857. Health Status
  2858. Life Span and Gender
  2859. Environment
  2860. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2861. Planning and Intervention
  2862. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2863. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2864. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2865. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2866. Drugs Closely Related to Lidocaine
  2867. MEMORY CHIP : Lidocaine
  2868. Mexiletine
  2869. Phenytoin
  2870. Drugs Significantly Different From Lidocaine
  2871. Class IA Antiarrhythmics
  2872. Quinidine
  2873. Other Class 1A Antiarrhythmics
  2874. Class IC Antiarrhythmics
  2875. CLASS II ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS
  2876. Propranolol
  2877. Acebutolol and Esmolol
  2878. CLASS III ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS
  2879. TABLE 31.3: Summary of Selected Class III Antiarrhythmics
  2880. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Amiodarone
  2881. Core Drug Knowledge
  2882. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2883. Pharmacokinetics
  2884. Pharmacodynamics
  2885. Contraindications and Precautions
  2886. Adverse Effects
  2887. Drug Interactions
  2888. TABLE 31.4: Agents That Interact with Amiodarone
  2889. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2890. Health Status
  2891. Life Span and Gender
  2892. Environment
  2893. Culture and Inherited Traits
  2894. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2895. Planning and Intervention
  2896. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2897. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2898. ORAL AND INTRAVENOUS DOSES
  2899. ORAL DOSES
  2900. INTRAVENOUS DOSES
  2901. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2902. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2903. Drugs Closely Related to Amiodarone
  2904. Sotalol
  2905. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: AMIODARONE THERAPY
  2906. MEMORY CHIP : Amiodarone
  2907. Ibutilide
  2908. Dofetilide
  2909. Dronedarone
  2910. Bretylium
  2911. CLASS IV ANTIARRHYTHMIC DRUGS
  2912. TABLE 31.5: Summary of Selected Class IV Antiarrhythmics and Selected Other Calcium Channel Blocker
  2913. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Verapamil
  2914. Core Drug Knowledge
  2915. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2916. Pharmacokinetics
  2917. Pharmacodynamics
  2918. Contraindications and Precautions
  2919. Adverse Effects
  2920. Drug Interactions
  2921. TABLE 31.6: Agents That Interact with Verapami
  2922. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2923. Health Status
  2924. Life Span and Gender
  2925. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  2926. Environment
  2927. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2928. Planning and Intervention
  2929. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2930. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2931. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2932. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2933. MEMORY CHIP : Verapamil
  2934. Drug Closely Related to Verapamil
  2935. Drug Significantly Different From Verapamil
  2936. POTASSIUM-REMOVING RESINS TO PREVENT ARRHYTHMIAS
  2937. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate
  2938. Core Drug Knowledge
  2939. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2940. TABLE 31.7: Potassium-Removing Resin
  2941. Pharmacokinetics
  2942. Pharmacodynamics
  2943. Contraindications and Precautions
  2944. Adverse Effects
  2945. Drug Interactions
  2946. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2947. Health Status
  2948. Life Span and Gender
  2949. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  2950. Environment
  2951. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2952. Planning and Intervention
  2953. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2954. MEMORY CHIP : Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate
  2955. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2956. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2957. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  2958. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  2959. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  2960. NEED MORE HELP?
  2961. REFERENCES
  2962. 32: Drugs Affecting Coagulation
  2963. Learning Objectives
  2964. Key Terms
  2965. Drugs Affecting Coagulation
  2966. PHYSIOLOGY OF COAGULATION
  2967. Blood Components and Balanced Blood Flow
  2968. Clotting Cascade
  2969. FIGURE 32.1
  2970. Intrinsic Pathway
  2971. Extrinsic Pathway
  2972. Coagulation Inhibitors
  2973. Hemolysis
  2974. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  2975. Hypercoagulation
  2976. Hypocoagulation
  2977. DRUG THERAPY FOR HYPERCOAGULATION
  2978. TABLE 32.1: Summary of Selected Drugs for Hypercoagulability
  2979. ANTICOAGULANT DRUGS
  2980. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Heparin
  2981. Core Drug Knowledge
  2982. Pharmacotherapeutics
  2983. Pharmacokinetics
  2984. Pharmacodynamics
  2985. Contraindications and Precautions
  2986. Adverse Effects
  2987. Drug Interactions
  2988. TABLE 32.2: Agents That Interact with Heparin
  2989. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  2990. Health Status
  2991. Life Span and Gender
  2992. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  2993. Environment
  2994. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  2995. Planning and Intervention
  2996. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  2997. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  2998. Providing Patient and Family Education
  2999. Box 32.1: ARESEARCH-BASED SUBCUTANEOUSN ADMINISTRATION TECHNIQUES FOR HEPARIN
  3000. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3001. Drugs Closely Related to Heparin
  3002. MEMORY CHIP : Heparin
  3003. BOX 32.2: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  3004. Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins and Cancer Patients
  3005. The Study
  3006. Nursing Implications
  3007. Enoxaparin
  3008. BOX 32.3: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  3009. Enoxaparin at Home
  3010. Dalteparin
  3011. Tinzaparin
  3012. Fondaparinux
  3013. Drugs Significantly Different From Heparin
  3014. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Warfarin
  3015. Core Drug Knowledge
  3016. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3017. Pharmacodynamics
  3018. Contraindications and Precautions
  3019. Adverse Effects
  3020. Drug Interactions
  3021. TABLE 32.3: Agents That Interact with Warfarin
  3022. TABLE 32.4: Interactions of Herbs and Warfarin*
  3023. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3024. Health Status
  3025. Life Span and Gender
  3026. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  3027. Environment
  3028. Culture and Inherited Traits
  3029. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
  3030. Planning and Intervention
  3031. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3032. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3033. Box 32.4: CLINICAL GUIDELINE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR NON-THERAPEUTIC INR LEVELS
  3034. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3035. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3036. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: SOLVING PROBLEMS RELATED TO ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY
  3037. MEMORY CHIP : Warfarin
  3038. Drug Significantly Different From Warfarin
  3039. Anisindione
  3040. ANTIPLATELET DRUGS
  3041. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Clopidogrel
  3042. Core Drug Knowledge
  3043. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3044. Pharmacokinetics
  3045. Pharmacodynamics
  3046. Contraindications and Precautions
  3047. Adverse Effects
  3048. Drug Interactions
  3049. TABLE 32.5: Agents That Interact with Clopidogrel
  3050. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3051. Health Status
  3052. Life Span and Gender
  3053. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  3054. Environment
  3055. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3056. Planning and Intervention
  3057. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3058. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3059. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3060. MEMORY CHIP : Clopidogrel
  3061. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3062. Drugs Closely Related to Clopidogrel
  3063. Prasugrel
  3064. Aspirin
  3065. Cilostazol
  3066. Ticlopidine
  3067. Drugs Significantly Different From Clopidogrel
  3068. Dipyridamole
  3069. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Inhibitors
  3070. Anagrelide
  3071. HEMORHEOLOGIC DRUGS
  3072. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Pentoxifylline
  3073. Core Drug Knowledge
  3074. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3075. Pharmacokinetics
  3076. Pharmacodynamics
  3077. Contraindications and Precautions
  3078. Adverse Effects
  3079. Drug Interactions
  3080. TABLE 32.6: Agents That Interact with Pentoxifylline
  3081. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3082. Health Status
  3083. Life Span and Gender
  3084. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  3085. Environment
  3086. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
  3087. Planning and Intervention
  3088. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3089. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3090. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3091. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3092. MEMORY CHIP : Pentoxifylline
  3093. THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS
  3094. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Alteplase, Recombinant
  3095. Core Drug Knowledge
  3096. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3097. Box 32.5: MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS RECEIVING ALTEPLASE, RECOMBINANT, FOR TREATMENT OF ISCHEMIC STROKE
  3098. Pharmacokinetics
  3099. Pharmacodynamics
  3100. Contraindications and Precautions
  3101. Adverse Effects
  3102. Drug Interactions
  3103. TABLE 32.7: Agents That Interact with Alteplase
  3104. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3105. Health Status
  3106. Life Span and Gender
  3107. Environment
  3108. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
  3109. Planning and Intervention
  3110. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3111. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3112. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3113. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3114. MEMORY CHIP : Alteplase, Recombinant
  3115. Drugs Closely Related to Alteplase, Recombinant
  3116. Thrombolytic Enzymes: Streptokinase, Urokinase, and Anistreplase
  3117. Drug Significantly Different From Alteplase, Recombinant
  3118. Drotrecogin Alfa (Activated)
  3119. DRUG THERAPY FOR HYPOCOAGULATION
  3120. TABLE 32.8: Summary of Selected Drugs for Hypocoagulation
  3121. CLOTTING FACTORS
  3122. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Antihemophilic Factor
  3123. Core Drug Knowledge
  3124. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3125. Pharmacokinetics
  3126. Pharmacodynamics
  3127. Contraindications and Precautions
  3128. Adverse Effects
  3129. Drug Interactions
  3130. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3131. Health Status
  3132. Life Span and Gender
  3133. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  3134. Environment
  3135. Culture and Inherited Traits
  3136. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
  3137. Planning and Intervention
  3138. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3139. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3140. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3141. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3142. Drugs Closely Related to Antihemophilic Factor
  3143. MEMORY CHIP : Antihemophilic Factor
  3144. Anti-Inhibitor Coagulant Factor
  3145. HEMOSTATIC DRUGS
  3146. TABLE 32.9: Topical Hemostatic Agents
  3147. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Aminocaproic Acid
  3148. Core Drug Knowledge
  3149. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3150. Pharmacokinetics
  3151. Pharmacodynamics
  3152. Contraindications and Precautions
  3153. Adverse Effects
  3154. Drug Interactions
  3155. TABLE 32.10: Agents That Interact with Aminocaproic Acid
  3156. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3157. Health Status
  3158. Life Span and Gender
  3159. Environment
  3160. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
  3161. Planning and Intervention
  3162. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3163. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3164. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3165. Drugs Closely Related to Aminocaproic Acid
  3166. MEMORY CHIP : Aminocaproic Acid
  3167. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  3168. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  3169. NEED MORE HELP?
  3170. REFERENCES
  3171. 33: Drugs Affecting Hematopoiesis
  3172. Learning Objectives
  3173. Key Terms
  3174. Drugs Affecting Hematopoiesis
  3175. TABLE 33.1: Understanding Drug Therapy That Affects Blood Cells
  3176. PHYSIOLOGY
  3177. Hematopoietic Cells
  3178. FIGURE 33.1
  3179. Barrier Defenses
  3180. Nonspecific Immune Responses
  3181. Specific Immune Responses
  3182. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  3183. TABLE 33.2: Summary of Selected Hematopoietic Agents
  3184. ERYTHROPOIESIS STIMULANTS
  3185. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Epoetin Alfa
  3186. Core Drug Knowledge
  3187. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3188. Pharmacokinetics
  3189. Pharmacodynamics
  3190. Contraindications and Precautions
  3191. Adverse Effects
  3192. Drug Interactions
  3193. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3194. Health Status
  3195. Life Span and Gender
  3196. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  3197. Environment
  3198. Culture and Inherited Traits
  3199. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3200. Planning and Intervention
  3201. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3202. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3203. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3204. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3205. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: EPOETIN ALFA AND IRON DEFICIENCY
  3206. Drug Closely Related to Epoetin Alfa
  3207. MEMORY CHIP : Epoetin Alfa
  3208. COLONY-STIMULATING FACTORS
  3209. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Filgrastim
  3210. Core Drug Knowledge
  3211. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3212. Pharmacokinetics
  3213. Pharmacodynamics
  3214. Contraindications and Precautions
  3215. BOX 33.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  3216. Determining Cost-effective Treatment in Breast Cancer
  3217. The Study
  3218. Nursing Implication
  3219. Adverse Effects
  3220. Drug Interactions
  3221. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3222. Health Status
  3223. Life Span and Gender
  3224. Environment
  3225. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3226. Planning and Intervention
  3227. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3228. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3229. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3230. BOX 33.2: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  3231. Keeping Neutropenic Patients Infection Free
  3232. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3233. Drugs Closely Related to Filgrastim
  3234. Pegfilgrastim
  3235. MEMORY CHIP : Filgrastim
  3236. Sargramostim
  3237. INTERLEUKINS
  3238. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Oprelvekin
  3239. Core Drug Knowledge
  3240. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3241. Pharmacokinetics
  3242. Pharmacodynamics
  3243. Contraindications and Precautions
  3244. Adverse Effects
  3245. Drug Interactions
  3246. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3247. Health Status
  3248. Life Span and Gender
  3249. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  3250. Environment
  3251. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3252. Planning and Intervention
  3253. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3254. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3255. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3256. MEMORY CHIP : Oprelvekin (lnterleukin-11)
  3257. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3258. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  3259. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  3260. NEED MORE HELP?
  3261. REFERENCES
  3262. UNIT 8: Respiratory System Drugs
  3263. 34: Drugs Affecting the Upper Respiratory System
  3264. Learning Objectives
  3265. Key Terms
  3266. Drugs Affecting the Upper Respiratory System
  3267. PHYSIOLOGY
  3268. FIGURE 34.1
  3269. Air Filtration
  3270. Other Air-Purifying Mechanisms
  3271. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  3272. Common Cold
  3273. Allergic or Seasonal Rhinitis
  3274. Sinusitis
  3275. Pharyngitis
  3276. Laryngitis
  3277. Influenza
  3278. ANTITUSSIVE DRUGS
  3279. TABLE 34.1: Summary of Selected Antitussives
  3280. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Dextromethorphan
  3281. Core Drug Knowledge
  3282. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3283. Pharmacokinetics
  3284. Pharmacodynamics
  3285. Contraindications and Precautions
  3286. Adverse Effects
  3287. Box 34.1: DEXTROMETHORPHAN POISONING
  3288. Drug Interactions
  3289. TABLE 34.2: Agents That Interact with Dextromethorphan
  3290. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3291. Health Status
  3292. Life Span and Gender
  3293. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  3294. Environment
  3295. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3296. Planning and Intervention
  3297. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3298. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3299. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3300. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3301. Drugs Closely Related to Dextromethorphan
  3302. Codeine
  3303. MEMORY CHIP : Dextromethorphan
  3304. Hydrocodone Bitartrate
  3305. Drug Significantly Different From Dextromethorphan
  3306. Benzonatate
  3307. DECONGESTANT DRUGS
  3308. Box 34.2: COMBAT METHAMPHETAMINE EPIDEMIC ACT
  3309. TABLE 34.3: Over-The-Counter Drugs Available From the Pharmacy
  3310. TABLE 34.4: Summary of Selected Decongestants
  3311. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Pseudoephedrine
  3312. Core Drug Knowledge
  3313. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3314. Pharmacokinetics
  3315. Pharmacodynamlcs
  3316. Contraindications and Precautions
  3317. Adverse Effects
  3318. Drug Interactions
  3319. TABLE 34.5: Agents That Interact with Pseudoephedrine
  3320. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3321. Health Status
  3322. Life Span and Gender
  3323. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  3324. Environment
  3325. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3326. Planning and Intervention
  3327. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3328. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3329. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3330. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3331. Drugs Closely Related to Pseudoephedrine
  3332. Phenylephrine
  3333. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: PROLONGED USE OF NASAL DECONGESTANTS
  3334. MEMORY CHIP : Pseudoephedrine
  3335. Topical Decongestant Drugs
  3336. ANTIHISTAMINES
  3337. TABLE 34.6: Summary of Selected Antihistamines
  3338. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Fexofenadine
  3339. Core Drug Knowledge
  3340. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3341. Pharmacokinetics
  3342. Pharmacodynamics
  3343. Contraindications and Precautions
  3344. Adverse Effects
  3345. Drug Interactions
  3346. TABLE 34.7: Agents That Interact with Fexofenadine
  3347. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3348. Health Status
  3349. Life Span and Gender
  3350. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  3351. Environment
  3352. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
  3353. Planning and Intervention
  3354. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3355. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3356. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3357. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3358. MEMORY CHIP : Fexofenadine
  3359. Drugs Closely Related to Fexofenadine
  3360. Azelastine
  3361. Cetirizine
  3362. Desloratadine
  3363. Levocetirizine (Xyzal)
  3364. Loratadine
  3365. Drugs Significantly Different From Fexofenadine
  3366. Brompheniramine, Chlorpheniramine, and Dexchlorpheniramine
  3367. Diphenhydramine
  3368. Ophthalmic Antihistamines and Mast Cell Stabilizers
  3369. Inhaled Nasal Steroids
  3370. Inhaled Mast Cell Stabilizer
  3371. Ophthalmic Mast Cell Stabilizers
  3372. EXPECTORANT DRUGS
  3373. TABLE 34.8: Summary of Selected Expectorants
  3374. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Guaifenesin
  3375. Core Drug Knowledge
  3376. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3377. Pharmacokinetics
  3378. Pharmacodynamics
  3379. Contraindications and Precautions
  3380. Adverse Effects
  3381. Drug Interactions
  3382. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3383. Health Status
  3384. Life Span and Gender
  3385. Lifestyle, Diet and Habits
  3386. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3387. Planning and Intervention
  3388. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3389. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3390. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3391. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3392. Drugs Closely Related to Guaifenesin
  3393. Terpin Hydrate
  3394. MEMORY CHIP : Guaifenesin
  3395. Iodine Preparations
  3396. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  3397. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  3398. NEED MORE HELP?
  3399. REFERENCES
  3400. 35: Drugs Affecting the Lower Respiratory System
  3401. Learning Objectives
  3402. Key Terms
  3403. Drugs Affecting the Lower Respiratory System
  3404. PHYSIOLOGY
  3405. FIGURE 35.1
  3406. Protective Mechanisms
  3407. Gas Exchange, Perfusion, and Respiration
  3408. Ventilation
  3409. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  3410. Acute Bronchitis
  3411. Asthma
  3412. Box 35.1: CLASSIFICATION OF ASTHMA SEVERITY
  3413. Box 35.2: STEPWISE APPROACH TO ASTHMA THERAPY
  3414. Chronic Airway Limitation
  3415. Chronic Bronchitis
  3416. Emphysema
  3417. Pneumonia
  3418. Cystic Fibrosis
  3419. MUCOLYTIC DRUGS
  3420. TABLE 35.1: Summary of Selected Mucolytics
  3421. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Acetylcysteine
  3422. Core Drug Knowledge
  3423. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3424. Pharmacokinetics
  3425. Pharmacodynamics
  3426. Contraindications and Precautions
  3427. Adverse Effects
  3428. Drug Interactions
  3429. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3430. Health Status
  3431. Life Span and Gender
  3432. Environment
  3433. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3434. Planning and Intervention
  3435. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3436. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3437. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3438. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3439. Drug Closely Related to Acetylcysteine
  3440. MEMORY CHIP : Acetylcysteine
  3441. BRONCHODILATORS
  3442. Table 35.2: Summary of Selected Bronchodilators
  3443. Beta Agonists (Sympathomimetics)
  3444. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Albuterol
  3445. Core Drug Knowledge
  3446. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3447. Pharmacokinetics
  3448. Box 35.3: TYPES OF INHALATION DEVICES
  3449. Metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
  3450. Dry-powder inhaler (DPI)
  3451. Nebulizer
  3452. Pharmacodynamics
  3453. FIGURE 35.2
  3454. Contraindications and Precautions
  3455. Adverse Effects
  3456. Drug Interactions
  3457. TABLE 35.3: Agents That Interact with Albuterol
  3458. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3459. Health Status
  3460. Life Span and Gender
  3461. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  3462. Environment
  3463. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3464. Planning and Intervention
  3465. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3466. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3467. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3468. BOX 35.4: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  3469. How to Use an Inhaler
  3470. Metered-Dose Inhaler (MDI)
  3471. Dry-Powder Inhaler (DPI)
  3472. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3473. Box 35.5: INHALER BASICS
  3474. How to Care for Your Inhaler
  3475. Drugs Closely Related to Albuterol
  3476. Short-Acting Beta-2 Agonists
  3477. Epinephrine
  3478. MEMORY CHIP : Albuterol
  3479. Levalbuterol
  3480. Pirbuterol
  3481. Terbutaline
  3482. Long-Acting Beta-2 Agonists
  3483. Arformoterol
  3484. Formoterol
  3485. Salmeterol
  3486. Respiratory Anticholinergic Agents
  3487. TABLE 35.4: Summary of Selected Anticholinergic Agents
  3488. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Ipratropium Bromide
  3489. Core Drug Knowledge
  3490. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3491. Pharmacokinetics
  3492. Pharmacodynamics
  3493. Contraindications and Precautions
  3494. Adverse Effects
  3495. Drug Interactions
  3496. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3497. Health Status
  3498. Life Span and Gender
  3499. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  3500. Environment
  3501. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3502. Planning and Intervention
  3503. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3504. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3505. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3506. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3507. Drug Closely Related to Ipratropium Bromide
  3508. Tiotropium
  3509. MEMORY CHIP : Ipratropium Bromide
  3510. Xanthine Derivatives
  3511. TABLE 35.5: Summary of Selected Xanthine Derivatives
  3512. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Theophylline
  3513. Core Drug Knowledge
  3514. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3515. Pharmacokinetics
  3516. Pharmacodynamics
  3517. Contraindications and Precautions
  3518. Adverse Effects
  3519. Drug Interactions
  3520. TABLE 35.6: Agents That Interact with Theophylline
  3521. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3522. Health Status
  3523. Life Span and Gender
  3524. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  3525. Environment
  3526. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3527. Planning and Intervention
  3528. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3529. BOX 35.6: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  3530. Using a Peak Flow Meter
  3531. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3532. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3533. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: THINKING ABOUT THEOPHYLLINE AND OTHER ASTHMA THERAPIES
  3534. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3535. Drugs Closely Related to Theophylline
  3536. Aminophylline
  3537. Dyphylline
  3538. Caffeine
  3539. MEMORY CHIP : Theophylline
  3540. ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS
  3541. Inhaled Glucocorticoid Steroids
  3542. TABLE 35.7: Summary of Selected Inhaled Steroids
  3543. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Flunisolide
  3544. Core Drug Knowledge
  3545. Pharmacotherapeutlcs
  3546. Pharmacokinetics
  3547. Pharmacodynamics
  3548. Contraindications and Precautions
  3549. Adverse Effects
  3550. Drug Interactions
  3551. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3552. Health Status
  3553. Life Span and Gender
  3554. Lifestyle, Diet and Habits
  3555. Environment
  3556. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3557. Planning and Intervention
  3558. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3559. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3560. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3561. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3562. Drugs Closely Related to Flunisolide
  3563. Beclomethasone
  3564. Budesonide
  3565. MEMORY CHIP : Flunisolide
  3566. Ciclesonide
  3567. Fluticasone
  3568. Mometasone
  3569. Triamcinolone
  3570. Mast Cell Stabilizers
  3571. TABLE 35.8: Summary of Selected Mast Cell Stabilizers
  3572. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Cromolyn Sodium
  3573. Core Drug Knowledge
  3574. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3575. Pharmacokinetics
  3576. Pharmacodynamics
  3577. Contraindications and Precautions
  3578. Adverse Effects
  3579. Drug Interactions
  3580. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3581. Health Status
  3582. Life Span and Gender
  3583. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  3584. Environment
  3585. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3586. Planning and Intervention
  3587. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3588. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3589. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3590. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3591. MEMORY CHIP : Cromolyn Sodium
  3592. Drug Significantly Different From Cromolyn Sodium
  3593. Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
  3594. TABLE 35.9: Summary of Selected Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists
  3595. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Zafirlukast
  3596. Core Drug Knowledge
  3597. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3598. Pharmacokinetics
  3599. Pharmacodynamics
  3600. Contraindications and Precautions
  3601. Adverse Effects
  3602. Drug Interactions
  3603. TABLE 35.10: Agents That Interact with Zafirlukast
  3604. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3605. Health Status
  3606. Life Span and Gender
  3607. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  3608. Environment
  3609. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3610. Planning and Intervention
  3611. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3612. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3613. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3614. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3615. Drugs Closely Related to Zafirlukast
  3616. Montelukast
  3617. Zileuton
  3618. MEMORY CHIP : Zafirlukast
  3619. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  3620. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  3621. NEED MORE HELP?
  3622. REFERENCES
  3623. UNIT 9: Gastrointestinal Tract Drugs
  3624. 36: Drugs Affecting the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
  3625. Learning Objectives
  3626. Key Terms
  3627. Drugs Affecting the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
  3628. PHYSIOLOGY
  3629. FIGURE 36.1
  3630. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  3631. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
  3632. Helicobacter pylori Infection
  3633. TABLE 36.1: Therapies for Helicobacter pylori Infection Approved by the Food and Drug Administration
  3634. Peptic Ulcer Disease
  3635. Pancreatitis
  3636. Obesity
  3637. Nausea and Vomiting
  3638. PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS
  3639. TABLE 36.2: Summary of Selected Proton Pump Inhibitors
  3640. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Omeprazole
  3641. Core Drug Knowledge
  3642. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3643. Pharmacokinetics
  3644. Pharmacodynamics
  3645. Contraindications and Precautions
  3646. Adverse Effects
  3647. Drug Interactions
  3648. TABLE 36.3: Agents That Interact with Omeprazole
  3649. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3650. Health Status
  3651. Life Span and Gender
  3652. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  3653. Environment
  3654. Culture and Inherited Traits
  3655. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3656. Planning and Intervention
  3657. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3658. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3659. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3660. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3661. Drugs Closely Related to Omeprazole
  3662. Esomeprazole
  3663. Lansoprazole
  3664. Rabeprazole
  3665. Pantoprazole
  3666. MEMORY CHIP : Omeprazole
  3667. Drug Significantly Different From Omeprazole
  3668. TABLE 36.4: Summary of Miscellaneous Drugs Used to Treat Ulcers
  3669. HISTAMINE-2 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
  3670. TABLE 36.5: Summary of Selected Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists
  3671. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Ranitidine
  3672. Core Drug Knowledge
  3673. Pharmacotherapeutlcs
  3674. Pharmacokinetics
  3675. Pharmacodynamics
  3676. Contraindications and Precautions
  3677. Adverse Effects
  3678. Drug Interactions
  3679. TABLE 36.6: Agents That Interact with Ranitidine
  3680. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3681. Health Status
  3682. Life Span and Gender
  3683. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  3684. Environment
  3685. Culture and Inherited Traits
  3686. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3687. Planning and Intervention
  3688. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3689. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3690. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3691. BOX 36.1: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  3692. Using Over-the-Counter (OTC) Gastrointestinal Drugs Responsibly
  3693. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3694. Drugs Closely Related to Ranitidine
  3695. Cimetidine
  3696. MEMORY CHIP : Ranitidine
  3697. Famotidine
  3698. Nizatidine
  3699. Drug Significantly Different From Ranitidine
  3700. ANTACIDS
  3701. TABLE 36.7: Summary of Selected Antacids
  3702. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Aluminum Hydroxide with Magnesium Hydroxide
  3703. Core Drug Knowledge
  3704. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3705. Pharmacokinetics
  3706. Pharmacodynamics
  3707. Contraindications and Precautions
  3708. Adverse Effects
  3709. Drug Interactions
  3710. TABLE 36.8: Agents That Interact with Antacids
  3711. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3712. Health Status
  3713. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  3714. Environment
  3715. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3716. Planning and Intervention
  3717. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3718. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3719. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3720. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3721. MEMORY CHIP : Aluminum Hydroxide with Magnesium Hydroxide
  3722. Drugs Closely Related to Aluminum Hydroxide with Magnesium Hydroxide
  3723. Box 36.2: ACID-NEUTALIZING CAPACITY OF ANTACIDS
  3724. PROKINETIC AGENTS
  3725. TABLE 36.9: Overview of Metoclopromide
  3726. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Metoclopramide
  3727. Core Drug Knowledge
  3728. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3729. Pharmacokinetics
  3730. Pharmacodynamics
  3731. Contraindications and Precautions
  3732. Adverse Effects
  3733. Drug Interactions
  3734. TABLE 36.10: Agents That Interact with Metoclopramide
  3735. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3736. Health Status
  3737. Life Span and Gender
  3738. Environment
  3739. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3740. Planning and Intervention
  3741. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3742. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3743. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3744. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3745. Drug Significantly Different From Metoclopramide
  3746. Cisapride
  3747. MEMORY CHIP : Metoclopramide
  3748. DIGESTIVE ENZYMES
  3749. TABLE 36.11: Summary of Selected Digestive Enzymes
  3750. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Pancrelipase
  3751. Core Drug Knowledge
  3752. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3753. Pharmacokinetics
  3754. Pharmacodynamics
  3755. Contraindications and Precautions
  3756. Adverse Effects
  3757. Drug Interactions
  3758. TABLE 36.12: Agents That Interact with Pancrelipase
  3759. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3760. Health Status
  3761. Life Span and Gender
  3762. Environment
  3763. Culture and Inherited Traits
  3764. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3765. Planning and Intervention
  3766. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3767. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3768. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3769. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3770. Drug Closely Related to Pancrelipase
  3771. DRUGS FOR WEIGHT MANAGEMENT
  3772. TABLE 36.13: Summary of Selected Drugs for Weight Management
  3773. MEMORY CHIP : Pancrelipase
  3774. Lipase Inhibitors
  3775. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Orlistat
  3776. Core Drug Knowledge
  3777. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3778. Pharmacokinetics
  3779. Pharmacodynamics
  3780. Contraindications and Precautions
  3781. Adverse Effects
  3782. Drug Interactions
  3783. TABLE 36.14: Agents That Interact with Orlistat
  3784. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3785. Health Status
  3786. Life Span and Gender
  3787. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  3788. Environment
  3789. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3790. Planning and Intervention
  3791. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3792. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3793. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3794. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3795. Drugs Significantly Different From Orlistat
  3796. Adrenergic Drugs
  3797. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: ADVERSE EFFECTS FROM ORLISTAT
  3798. Amphetamines
  3799. Antidepressant Drugs
  3800. MEMORY CHIP : Orlistat
  3801. ANTIEMETICS
  3802. TABLE 36.15: Summary of Selected Antiemetics
  3803. Selective Serotonin Receptor Antagonists
  3804. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Ondansetron
  3805. Core Drug Knowledge
  3806. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3807. BOX 36.3: FOCUS ON REASEARCH
  3808. Control of Stress-Related Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the Critical Care Setting
  3809. The Study
  3810. Nursing Implications
  3811. Pharmacokinetics
  3812. Pharmacodynamics
  3813. Contraindications and Precautions
  3814. Adverse Effects
  3815. Drug Interactions
  3816. TABLE 36.16: Drugs that Interact with Ondansetron
  3817. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3818. Health Status
  3819. Life Span and Gender
  3820. Environment
  3821. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3822. Planning and Intervention
  3823. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3824. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3825. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3826. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3827. Drugs Closely Related to Ondansetron
  3828. Dolasetron
  3829. Granisetron
  3830. Palonosetron
  3831. Drugs Significantly Different From Ondansetron
  3832. Aprepitant
  3833. MEMORY CHIP : Ondansetron
  3834. Antidopaminergic Drugs
  3835. Anticholinergic Drugs
  3836. Cannabinoids
  3837. Glucocorticoid Steroids
  3838. Olanzapine
  3839. GALLSTONE-SOLUBILIZING AGENTS
  3840. TABLE 36.17: Summary of Selected Gallstone-Solubilizing Agents
  3841. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  3842. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  3843. NEED MORE HELP?
  3844. REFERENCES
  3845. 37: Drugs Affecting the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
  3846. Learning Objectives
  3847. Key Terms
  3848. Drugs Affecting the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
  3849. PHYSIOLOGY
  3850. FIGURE 37.1
  3851. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  3852. Flatus
  3853. Diarrhea
  3854. Constipation and Fecal Impaction
  3855. Box 37.1: CAUSES OF CONSTIPATION
  3856. Colonic Disorders
  3857. Metabolic/Endocrine Systemic Disorders
  3858. Neurologic Disorders
  3859. Drug Induced
  3860. Irritable Bowel Syndrome
  3861. Box 37.2: ROME III CRITERIA USED IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME
  3862. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  3863. Post-operative Ileus
  3864. ANTIFLATULENTS
  3865. TABLE 37.1: Summary of Selected Antiflatulent Drugs
  3866. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Simethicone
  3867. Core Drug Knowledge
  3868. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3869. Pharmacokinetics
  3870. Pharmacodynamics
  3871. Contraindications and Precautions
  3872. Adverse Effects
  3873. Drug Interactions
  3874. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3875. Health Status
  3876. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  3877. Environment
  3878. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
  3879. Planning and Intervention
  3880. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3881. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3882. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3883. Drug Closely Related to Simethicone
  3884. MEMORY CHIP : Simethicone
  3885. ANTIDIARRHEALS
  3886. TABLE 37.2: Summary of Selected Antidiarrheal Drugs
  3887. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Diphenoxylate HCl with Atropine Sulfate
  3888. Core Drug Knowledge
  3889. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3890. Pharmacokinetics
  3891. Pharmacodynamics
  3892. Contraindications and Precautions
  3893. Adverse Effects
  3894. Drug Interactions
  3895. TABLE 37.3: Agents That Interact with Diphenoxylate HCl with Atropine Sulfate
  3896. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3897. Health Status
  3898. Life Span and Gender
  3899. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  3900. Environment
  3901. Culture and Inherited Traits
  3902. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3903. Planning and Intervention
  3904. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3905. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3906. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3907. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: DIPHENOXYLATE IN ANTIDIARRHEALTHERAPY
  3908. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3909. Drug Closely Related to Diphenoxylate HCl with Atropine Sulfate
  3910. Loperamide
  3911. MEMORY CHIP : Diphenoxylate HCI with Atropine Sulfate
  3912. Drugs Significantly Different From Diphenoxylate HCI with Atropine Sulfate
  3913. Bismuth Subsalicylate
  3914. Kaolin and Pectin
  3915. LAXATIVES
  3916. TABLE 37.4: Summary of Selected Laxatives
  3917. Saline Laxatives
  3918. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Magnesium Hydroxide
  3919. Core Drug Knowledge
  3920. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3921. Pharmacokinetics
  3922. Pharmacodynamics
  3923. Contraindications and Precautions
  3924. Adverse Effects
  3925. Drug Interactions
  3926. TABLE 37.5: Agents That Interact with Magnesium Hydroxide
  3927. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3928. Health Status
  3929. Life Span and Gender
  3930. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  3931. Environment
  3932. Culture and Inherited Traits
  3933. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
  3934. Planning and Intervention
  3935. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3936. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3937. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3938. BOX 37.3: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  3939. Educating Patients in the Community About Laxative Use
  3940. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  3941. Drugs Closely Related to Magnesium Hydroxide
  3942. Other Saline Laxatives
  3943. Hyperosmotic Laxatives
  3944. MEMORY CHIP : Magnesium Hydroxide
  3945. Drugs Significantly Different From Magnesium Hydroxide
  3946. Stimulant (Irritant) Laxatives
  3947. Bulk-Forming Laxatives
  3948. Stool Softeners
  3949. Emollient (Lubricant) Laxatives
  3950. Bowel Evacuants
  3951. Peripherally Selective Mu (μ) Opioid Receptor Antagonist
  3952. BOX 37.4: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  3953. Management of Opioid Induced Constipation
  3954. The Study
  3955. Nursing Implications
  3956. DRUGS USED TO TREAT IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME
  3957. TABLE 37.6: Summary of Selected Drugs to Treat Irritable Bowel Syndrome
  3958. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Alosetron
  3959. Core Drug Knowledge
  3960. Pharmacotherapeutlcs
  3961. Pharmacokinetics
  3962. Pharmacodynamics
  3963. Contraindications and Precautions
  3964. Adverse Effects
  3965. Drug Interactions
  3966. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3967. Health Status
  3968. Life Span and Gender
  3969. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
  3970. Planning and Intervention
  3971. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3972. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  3973. Providing Patient and Family Education
  3974. Ongoing Evaluation and Assessment
  3975. Drugs Significantly Different From Alosetron
  3976. Dicyclomine
  3977. MEMORY CHIP : Alosetron
  3978. Laxatives and Antidiarrheals
  3979. Selective Chloride Channel Activator
  3980. Tricyclic Antidepressants
  3981. DRUGS USED TO TREAT INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
  3982. TABLE 37.7: Summary of Selected Drugs to Treat Inflammatory Bowel Disease
  3983. 5-ASA Preparations
  3984. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Mesalamine
  3985. Core Drug Knowledge
  3986. Pharmacotherapeutics
  3987. Pharmacokinetics
  3988. Pharmacodynamics
  3989. Contraindications and Precautions
  3990. Adverse Effects
  3991. Drug Interactions
  3992. TABLE 37.8: Agents That Interact with Mesalamine
  3993. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  3994. Health Status
  3995. Life Span and Gender
  3996. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  3997. Planning and Intervention
  3998. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  3999. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4000. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4001. Ongoing Evaluation and Assessment
  4002. Drugs Closely Related to Mesalamine
  4003. Balsalazide
  4004. MEMORY CHIP : Mesalamine
  4005. Olsalazine
  4006. Sulfasalazine
  4007. Drugs Significantly Different From Mesalamine
  4008. Infliximab
  4009. Certolizumab
  4010. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  4011. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  4012. NEED MORE HELP?
  4013. REFERENCES
  4014. UNIT 10: Antimicrobial Drugs
  4015. 38: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
  4016. Learning Objectives
  4017. Key Terms
  4018. CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS
  4019. Classification by Susceptible Organism
  4020. TABLE 38.1: Classification of Antimicrobial Drugs by Susceptible Organism
  4021. Classification by Mechanism of Action
  4022. TABLE 38.2: Classification of Antimicrobial Drugs by Mechanism of Action
  4023. Inhibition of Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis
  4024. Inhibition of Protein Synthesis
  4025. Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis
  4026. Inhibition of Metabolic Pathways (Antimetabolites)
  4027. Disruption of Cell Wall Permeability
  4028. Inhibition of Viral Enzymes
  4029. SELECTIVE TOXICITY
  4030. ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
  4031. Box 38.1: TWELVE STEPS FOR PREVENTION OF ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE IN HOSPITALIZED ADULTS
  4032. Prevent Infection
  4033. Step 1. Vaccinate
  4034. Step 2. Get the Catheters Out
  4035. Diagnose and Treat Infection Effectively
  4036. Step 3. Target the Pathogen
  4037. Step 4. Access the Experts
  4038. Use Antimicrobials Wisely
  4039. Step 5. Practice Antimicrobial Control
  4040. Step 6. Use Local Data
  4041. Step 7. Treat Infection, Not Contamination
  4042. Step 8. Treat Infection, Not Colonization
  4043. Step 9. Know When to Say “No” to Vanco
  4044. Step 10. Stop Antimicrobial Treatment
  4045. Prevent Transmission
  4046. Step 11. Isolate the Pathogen
  4047. Step 12. Break the Chain of Contagion
  4048. Contributing Factors
  4049. Production of Drug-Inactivating Enzymes
  4050. Changes in Receptor Structure
  4051. Changes in Drug Permeation and Transport
  4052. Development of Alternative Metabolic Pathways
  4053. Emergence of Drug-Resistant Microbes
  4054. Factors That Facilitate the Development of Resistance
  4055. COMMON ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT MICROBIAL INFECTIONS
  4056. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
  4057. Penicillin-Resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae
  4058. Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)
  4059. Multiple Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MDR-TB)
  4060. Nosocomial Infections
  4061. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR SELECTING ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY
  4062. Identification of the Pathogen
  4063. FIGURE 38.1
  4064. Drug Susceptibility
  4065. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: WORKING WITH CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY REPORTS
  4066. Disk Diffusion Test
  4067. FIGURE 38.2
  4068. Broth Dilution Procedure
  4069. FIGURE 38.3
  4070. Drug Spectrum
  4071. Drug Dose
  4072. Duration
  4073. Site of Infection
  4074. Patient Assessment
  4075. Health Status
  4076. Life Span and Gender
  4077. Environment
  4078. Culture and Inherited Traits
  4079. MONITORING ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY
  4080. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  4081. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  4082. NEED MORE HELP?
  4083. REFERENCES
  4084. 39: Antibiotics Affecting the Bacterial Cell Wall
  4085. Learning Objectives
  4086. Key Terms
  4087. Antibiotic Affecting the Bacterial Cell Wall
  4088. PHYSIOLOGY
  4089. Bacterial Cell Envelope
  4090. FIGURE 39.1
  4091. Bacterial Enzymes
  4092. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  4093. PENICILLINS
  4094. TABLE 39.1: Summary of Selected Penicillins and Other Beta-Lactam Antibiotics
  4095. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Penicillin G
  4096. Core Drug Knowledge
  4097. Pharmacotherapeutics
  4098. Pharmacokinetics
  4099. Pharmacodynamics
  4100. Contraindications and Precautions
  4101. Adverse Effects
  4102. Drug Interactions
  4103. TABLE 39.2: Agents That Interact with Penicillin G
  4104. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4105. Health Status
  4106. Life Span and Gender
  4107. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  4108. Environment
  4109. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4110. Planning and Intervention
  4111. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4112. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4113. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4114. BOX 39.1: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  4115. Taking Antibiotics Safely
  4116. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4117. MEMORY CHIP : Penicilin G
  4118. Drugs Closely Related to Penicillin G
  4119. Other Narrow-Spectrum Penicillins
  4120. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: IMPLEMENTING PENICILLIN V THERAPY
  4121. Broad-Spectrum Penicillins (Aminopenicillins)
  4122. Extended-Spectrum Penicillins (Antipseudomonal Penicillins)
  4123. Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins (Antistaphylococcal Penicillins)
  4124. Drugs Significantly Different From Penicillin G
  4125. Beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
  4126. BOX 39.2: COMBINATION DRUGS WITH BETA-LACTAMASE INHIBITORS
  4127. Bacitracln
  4128. MONOBACTAM ANTIBIOTICS
  4129. CARBAPENEMS
  4130. Cilastatin-Imipenem
  4131. Doripenem
  4132. Ertapenem
  4133. Meropenem
  4134. CEPHALOSPORINS
  4135. TABLE 39.3: Summary of Selected Cephalosporins
  4136. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Cefazolin
  4137. Core Drug Knowledge
  4138. Pharmacotherapeutics
  4139. Pharmacokinetics
  4140. Pharmacodynamics
  4141. Contraindications and Precautions
  4142. Adverse Effects
  4143. Drug Interactions
  4144. TABLE 39.4: Agents That Interact with Cefazolin
  4145. Effects on Test Results
  4146. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4147. Health Status
  4148. Life Span and Gender
  4149. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  4150. Environment
  4151. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4152. Planning and Intervention
  4153. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4154. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4155. MEMORY CHIP : Cefazolin
  4156. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4157. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4158. Drugs Closely Related to Cefazolin
  4159. First-Generation Cephalosporins
  4160. Second-Generation Cephalosporins
  4161. Third-Generation Cephalosporins
  4162. Fourth-Generation Cephalosporins
  4163. VANCOMYCIN
  4164. TABLE 39.5: Overview Of Vancomycin
  4165. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Vancomycin
  4166. Core Drug Knowledge
  4167. Pharmacotherapeutics
  4168. Pharmacokinetics
  4169. Pharmacodynamics
  4170. Contraindications and Precautions
  4171. Adverse Effects
  4172. Drug Interactions
  4173. TABLE 39.6: Agents That Interact With Vancomycin
  4174. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4175. Health Status
  4176. Life Span and Gender
  4177. Environment
  4178. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4179. Planning and Intervention
  4180. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4181. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4182. MEMORY CHIP : Vancomycin
  4183. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4184. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4185. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  4186. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  4187. NEED MORE HELP?
  4188. REFERENCES
  4189. 40: Antibiotics Affecting Protein Synthesis
  4190. Learning Objectives
  4191. Key Terms
  4192. Antibiotic Affecting Protein Synthesis
  4193. PHYSIOLOGY
  4194. FIGURE 40.1
  4195. AMINOGLYCOSIDES
  4196. TABLE 40.1: Summary of Selected Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
  4197. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving
  4198. Core Drug Knowledge
  4199. Pharmacotherapeutics
  4200. Pharmacokinetics
  4201. Pharmacodynamics
  4202. Contraindications and Precautions
  4203. Adverse Effects
  4204. Drug Interactions
  4205. TABLE 40.2: Agents That Interact with Gentamicin
  4206. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4207. Health Status
  4208. Life Span and Gender
  4209. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  4210. Environment
  4211. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4212. Planning and Intervention
  4213. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4214. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4215. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4216. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4217. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: EXPLAINING THE DRUG SELECTION PROCESS
  4218. Drugs Closely Related to Gentamicin
  4219. Amikacin
  4220. Kanamycin
  4221. Neomycin Sulfate
  4222. Tobramycin
  4223. MEMORY CHIP : Gentamicin
  4224. Drugs Significantly Different From Gentamicin
  4225. Paromomycin
  4226. Streptomycin
  4227. LINCOSAMIDES
  4228. TABLE 40.3: Summary of Selected Lincosamide Antibiotics
  4229. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Clindamycin
  4230. Core Drug Knowledge
  4231. Pharmacotherapeutics
  4232. Pharmacokinetics
  4233. Pharmacodynamics
  4234. Contraindications and Precautions
  4235. Adverse Effects
  4236. Drug Interactions
  4237. TABLE 40.4: Agents that Interact with Clindamycin
  4238. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4239. Health Status
  4240. Life Span and Gender
  4241. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  4242. Environment
  4243. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4244. Planning and Intervention
  4245. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4246. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4247. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4248. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4249. Drug Closely Related to Clindamycin
  4250. MEMORY CHIP : Clindamycin
  4251. MACROUDE ANTIBIOTICS
  4252. TABLE 40.5: Summary of Selected Macrolide Antibiotics
  4253. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Erythromycin
  4254. Core Drug Knowledge
  4255. Pharmacotherapeutics
  4256. Pharmacokinetics
  4257. Pharmacodynamics
  4258. Contraindications and Precautions
  4259. Adverse Effects
  4260. Drug Interactions
  4261. TABLE 40.6: Agents That Interact with Erythromycin
  4262. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4263. Health Status
  4264. Life Span and Gender
  4265. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  4266. Environment
  4267. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4268. Planning and Intervention
  4269. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4270. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4271. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4272. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4273. Drugs Closely Related to Erythromycin
  4274. Azithromycin
  4275. Clarithromycin
  4276. MEMORY CHIP : Erythromycin
  4277. Drug Significantly Different From Erythromycin
  4278. OXAZOLIDINONES
  4279. TABLE 40.7: Overview of Linezolid
  4280. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Linezolid
  4281. Core Drug Knowledge
  4282. Pharmacotherapeutics
  4283. Pharmacokinetics
  4284. Pharmacodynamics
  4285. Contraindications and Precautions
  4286. Adverse Effects
  4287. Drug Interactions
  4288. TABLE 40.8: Agents That Interact with Linezolid
  4289. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4290. Health Status
  4291. Life Span and Gender
  4292. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  4293. Environment
  4294. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4295. Planning and Intervention
  4296. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4297. BOX 40.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  4298. Nosocomial MRSA
  4299. The Study
  4300. Nursing Implications
  4301. Patient Considerations
  4302. Handwashing
  4303. Gloving
  4304. Masking
  4305. Gowning
  4306. Appropriate Device Handling
  4307. Appropriate Handling of Laundry
  4308. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4309. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4310. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4311. STREPTOGRAMINS
  4312. TABLE 40.9: Overview of Quinupristin/Dalfopristi
  4313. MEMORY CHIP : Linezolid
  4314. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
  4315. Core Drug Knowledge
  4316. Pharmacotherapeutlcs
  4317. Pharmacokinetics
  4318. Pharmacodynamics
  4319. Contraindications and Precautions
  4320. Adverse Effects
  4321. Drug Interactions
  4322. TABLE 40.10: Agents That Interact with Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
  4323. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4324. Health Status
  4325. Life Span and Gender
  4326. Environment
  4327. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4328. Planning and Intervention
  4329. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4330. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4331. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4332. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4333. TETRACYCLINES
  4334. TABLE 40.11: Summary of Selected Tetracycline Antibiotics
  4335. MEMORY CHIP : Quinupristin/Dalfopristin
  4336. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Tetracycline
  4337. Core Drug Knowledge
  4338. Pharmacotherapeutics
  4339. Pharmacokinetics
  4340. Pharmacodynamics
  4341. Contraindications and Precautions
  4342. Adverse Effects
  4343. Drug Interactions
  4344. TABLE 40.12: Agents That Interact with Tetracycline
  4345. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4346. Health Status
  4347. Life Span and Gender
  4348. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  4349. Environment
  4350. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4351. Planning and Intervention
  4352. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4353. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4354. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4355. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4356. MEMORY CHIP : Tetracycline
  4357. Drugs Closely Related to Tetracycline
  4358. Demeclocycline
  4359. Doxycycline
  4360. Minocycline
  4361. Drugs Significantly Different From Tetracycline
  4362. MISCELLANEOUS ANTIBIOTICS THAT AFFECT PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
  4363. TABLE 40.13: Overview of Chloramphenicol
  4364. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Chloramphenicol
  4365. Core Drug Knowledge
  4366. Pharmacotherapeutics
  4367. Pharmacokinetics
  4368. Pharmacodynamics
  4369. Contraindications and Precautions
  4370. Adverse Effects
  4371. Drug Interactions
  4372. TABLE 40.14: Agents That Interact with Chloramphenicol
  4373. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4374. Health Status
  4375. Life Span and Gender
  4376. Environment
  4377. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4378. Planning and Intervention
  4379. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4380. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4381. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4382. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4383. Drug Significantly Different From Chloramphenicol
  4384. MEMORY CHIP : Chloramphenicol
  4385. TOPICAL DRUGS
  4386. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  4387. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  4388. NEED MORE HELP?
  4389. REFERENCES
  4390. 41: Drugs That Are Miscellaneous Antibiotics
  4391. Learning Objectives
  4392. Key Terms
  4393. Drugs That Are Miscellaneous Antibiotics
  4394. QUINOLONES/FLUOROQUINOLONES
  4395. TABLE 41.1: Summary of Selected Miscellaneous Antimicrobials
  4396. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Ciprofloxacin
  4397. Core Drug Knowledge
  4398. Pharmacotherapeutics
  4399. BOX 41.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  4400. Ciproflaxin Therapy for UTI: How Long is Long Enough?
  4401. The Study
  4402. Nursing Implications
  4403. Pharmacokinetics
  4404. Pharmacodynamics
  4405. Contraindications and Precautions
  4406. Adverse Effects
  4407. Drug Interactions
  4408. TABLE 41.2: Agents That Interact with Ciprofloxacin
  4409. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4410. Health Status
  4411. Life Span and Gender
  4412. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  4413. Environment
  4414. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4415. Planning and Intervention
  4416. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4417. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4418. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4419. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: HOW DID THAT HAPPEN?
  4420. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4421. Drugs Closely Related to Ciprofloxacin
  4422. First-Generation Quinolone
  4423. MEMORY CHIP : Ciprofloxaci
  4424. Second-Generation Fluoroquinolones
  4425. Third-Generation Fluoroquinolones
  4426. Fourth Generation
  4427. CYCLIC LIPOPEPTIDES
  4428. TABLE 41.3: Overview of Daptomycin
  4429. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Daptomycin
  4430. Core Drug Knowledge
  4431. Pharmacotherapeutics
  4432. Pharmacokinetics
  4433. Pharmacodynamics
  4434. Contraindications and Precautions
  4435. Adverse Effects
  4436. Drug Interactions
  4437. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4438. Health Status
  4439. Life Span and Gender
  4440. Environment
  4441. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4442. Planning and Intervention
  4443. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4444. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4445. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4446. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4447. MEMORY CHIP : Daptomycin
  4448. MISCELLANEOUS ANTIBIOTIC: POLYMYXIN B
  4449. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  4450. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  4451. NEED MORE HELP?
  4452. REFERENCES
  4453. 42: Drugs Treating Urinary Tract Infections
  4454. Learning Objectives
  4455. Key Terms
  4456. Drugs Treating Urinary Tract Infections
  4457. PHYSIOLOGY
  4458. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  4459. FIGURE 42.1
  4460. Asymptomatic Bacteriuria
  4461. Cystitis
  4462. BOX 42.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  4463. UTI in Women
  4464. The Study
  4465. Nursing Implications
  4466. Urethritis
  4467. Prostatitis
  4468. Acute Pyelonephritis
  4469. DIAGNOSIS OF UTI
  4470. SULFONAMIDES
  4471. TABLE 42.1: Summary of Selected Drugs to Treat Urinary Tract Infections
  4472. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim
  4473. Core Drug Knowledge
  4474. Pharmacotherapeutics
  4475. Pharmacokinetics
  4476. Pharmacodynamics
  4477. Contraindications and Precautions
  4478. Adverse Effects
  4479. Drug Interactions
  4480. TABLE 42.2: Agents That Interact With Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP)
  4481. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4482. Health Status
  4483. Life Span and Gender
  4484. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  4485. Environment
  4486. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4487. Planning and Intervention
  4488. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4489. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4490. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4491. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4492. Drug Closely Related to Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim
  4493. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: TEACHING STRATEGIES FOR SULFAMETHOXAZOLE-TRIMETHOPRIM (SMZ-TMP) THERAPY
  4494. MEMORY CHIP : Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (SMZ-TMP)
  4495. Drugs Significantly Different From Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim
  4496. Other Sulfonamides
  4497. Sulfasalazine
  4498. Topical Sulfonamides
  4499. Drugs That Belong to Other Antibiotic Classes
  4500. Fosfomycin
  4501. URINARY TRACT ANTISEPTICS
  4502. Methenamine
  4503. Nitrofurantoin
  4504. URINARY TRACT ANALGESIC
  4505. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  4506. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  4507. NEED MORE HELP?
  4508. REFERENCES
  4509. 43: Drugs Treating Mycobacterial Infections
  4510. Learning Objectives
  4511. Key Terms
  4512. Drugs Treating Mycobacterial Infections
  4513. TABLE 43.1: Summary of Selected Antimycobacterial Drugs
  4514. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  4515. Tuberculosis
  4516. BOX 43.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  4517. Vaccine on the Horizon?
  4518. The Study
  4519. Nursing Implications
  4520. BOX 43.2: CDC RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TREATMENT OF LTBI
  4521. Box 43.3: THE FIVE ELEMENTS OF THE DOTS STRATEGY FOR THE TREATMENT OF TUBERCULOSIS
  4522. Leprosy
  4523. Mycobacterium Avium Complex
  4524. DRUGS FOR TREATING MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS INFECTION
  4525. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Isoniazid
  4526. Core Drug Knowledge
  4527. Pharmacotherapeutlcs
  4528. Pharmacokinetics
  4529. Pharmacodynamics
  4530. Contraindications and Precautions
  4531. Adverse Effects
  4532. Drug Interactions
  4533. TABLE 43.2: Agents That Interact with Isoniazid
  4534. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4535. Health Status
  4536. Life Span and Gender
  4537. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  4538. Environment
  4539. Culture and Inherited Traits
  4540. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4541. Planning and Intervention
  4542. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4543. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4544. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4545. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4546. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: EXPOSURE TO THE TUBERCULOSIS (TB) MYCOBACTERIUM
  4547. MEMORY CHIP : Isoniazid
  4548. Drugs Significantly Different From Isoniazid
  4549. First-Line Drugs
  4550. Ethambutol
  4551. Pyrazinamide
  4552. Rlfamycins
  4553. Second-Line Drugs
  4554. Aminoglycoslde Antibiotics
  4555. Cycloserine
  4556. Ethionamlde
  4557. Fluoroquinolones
  4558. Aminosalicylic Acid
  4559. DRUGS FOR TREATING MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE INFECTION
  4560. TABLE 43.3: Summary of Selected Rifamycins
  4561. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Rifampin
  4562. Core Drug Knowledge
  4563. Pharmacotherapeutics
  4564. Pharmacokinetics
  4565. Pharmacodynamics
  4566. Contraindications and Precautions
  4567. Adverse Effects
  4568. Drug Interactions
  4569. TABLE 43.4: Agents That Interact with Rifampin
  4570. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4571. Health Status
  4572. Life Span and Gender
  4573. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  4574. Environment
  4575. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4576. Planning and Intervention
  4577. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4578. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4579. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4580. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4581. MEMORY CHIP : Rifampin
  4582. Drugs Closely Related to Rifampin
  4583. Rifabutin
  4584. Rifapentine
  4585. Drugs Significantly Different From Rifampin
  4586. Clofazimine
  4587. Dapsone
  4588. Miscellaneous Drugs
  4589. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  4590. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  4591. NEED MORE HELP?
  4592. REFERENCES
  4593. 44: Drugs Treating Fungal Infections
  4594. Learning Objectives
  4595. Key Terms
  4596. Drugs Treating Fungal Infections
  4597. PHYSIOLOGY OF FUNGAL GROWTH
  4598. FIGURE 44.1
  4599. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SELECTED OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGAL INFECTIONS
  4600. Aspergillosis
  4601. Candidiasis
  4602. Cryptococcosis
  4603. Mucormycosis
  4604. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SELECTED NONOPPORTUNISTIC FUNGAL INFECTIONS
  4605. Blastomycosis
  4606. Coccidioidomycosis
  4607. Dermatophytic Infections (Tinea, Ringworm)
  4608. FIGURE 44.2
  4609. FIGURE 44.3
  4610. Histoplasmosis
  4611. ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS
  4612. Polyene Antifungal Agents
  4613. TABLE 44.1: Summary of Selected Antifungal Drugs
  4614. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Amphotericin B
  4615. Core Drug Knowledge
  4616. Pharmacotherapeutics
  4617. Pharmacokinetics
  4618. Pharmacodynamics
  4619. Contraindications and Precautions
  4620. Adverse Effects
  4621. Drug Interactions
  4622. TABLE 44.2: Agents That Interact with Amphotericin B
  4623. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4624. Health Status
  4625. Life Span and Gender
  4626. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  4627. Environment
  4628. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4629. Planning and Intervention
  4630. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4631. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4632. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4633. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4634. MEMORY CHIP : Amphotericin B
  4635. Drugs Closely Related to Amphotericin B
  4636. Drugs Significantly Different From Amphotericin B
  4637. Echinocandins
  4638. Anidulafungin
  4639. Caspofungin
  4640. Micafungin
  4641. Flucytosine
  4642. Azole Antifungal Drugs
  4643. TABLE 44.3: Summary of Selected Azole Antifungal Agents
  4644. TABLE 44.4: Summary of Selected Topical Azole Antifungal Agents
  4645. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Fluconazole
  4646. Core Drug Knowledge
  4647. Pharmacotherapeutics
  4648. Pharmacokinetics
  4649. Pharmacodynamics
  4650. Contraindications and Precautions
  4651. Adverse Effects
  4652. Drug Interactions
  4653. TABLE 44.5: Agents That Interact with Fluconazole
  4654. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4655. Health Status
  4656. Life Span and Gender
  4657. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  4658. Environment
  4659. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4660. Planning and Intervention
  4661. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4662. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4663. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4664. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4665. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: FLUCONAZOLE AND CHRONIC CANDIDIASIS
  4666. MEMORY CHIP : Fluconazole
  4667. Drugs Closely Related to Fluconazole
  4668. Itraconazole
  4669. Posaconazole
  4670. Voriconazole
  4671. Ketoconazole
  4672. Drugs Significantly Different From Fluconazole
  4673. Butoconazole
  4674. Clotrimazole
  4675. Econazole
  4676. Miconazole
  4677. Oxiconazole
  4678. Sertaconazole
  4679. Sulconazole
  4680. Terconazole
  4681. Tioconazole
  4682. Miscellaneous Antifungal Drugs
  4683. TABLE 44.6: Summary of Miscellaneous Antifungal Agents
  4684. Butenafine
  4685. Ciclopirox Olamine
  4686. Griseofulvin
  4687. Naftifine
  4688. Terbinafine
  4689. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  4690. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  4691. NEED MORE HELP?
  4692. REFERENCES
  4693. 45: Drugs Treating Viral Infections
  4694. Learning Objectives
  4695. Key Terms
  4696. Drugs Treating Viral Infections
  4697. PHYSIOLOGY OF VIRAL REPRODUCTION
  4698. FIGURE 45.1
  4699. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SELECTED VIRAL INFECTIONS
  4700. Cytomegalovirus
  4701. Hepatitis
  4702. Herpes Simplex
  4703. Herpes Zoster
  4704. Influenza
  4705. Respiratory Syncytial Virus
  4706. ANTIVIRAL AGENTS
  4707. Purine Nucleoside Analogue Drugs
  4708. TABLE 45.1: Summary of Selected Purine Nucleoside Analogue Drugs
  4709. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Acyclovir
  4710. Core Drug Knowledge
  4711. Pharmacotherapeutics
  4712. Pharmacokinetics
  4713. Pharmacodynamics
  4714. Contraindications and Precautions
  4715. Adverse Effects
  4716. Drug Interactions
  4717. TABLE 45.2: Agents That Interact with Acyclovir
  4718. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4719. Health Status
  4720. Life Span and Gender
  4721. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  4722. Environment
  4723. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4724. Planning and Intervention
  4725. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4726. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4727. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4728. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4729. Drugs Closely Related to Acyclovir
  4730. Famciclovir
  4731. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: ACYCLOVIR AND HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS
  4732. Valacyclovir
  4733. MEMORY CHIP : Acyclovir
  4734. Drugs Significantly Different From Acyclovir
  4735. Drugs Used for Cytomegalovirus Infections
  4736. Cidofovir
  4737. Foscarnet
  4738. Ganciclovir
  4739. Valganciclovir
  4740. Topical Drugs
  4741. Docosanol
  4742. Penciclovir
  4743. Ophthalmic Drugs
  4744. Trifluridine
  4745. Drugs Used for Influenza
  4746. TABLE 45.3: Summary of Selected Anti-Influenza Drugs
  4747. Oseltamivir
  4748. Pharmacotherapeutics
  4749. BOX 45.1: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  4750. Influenza Pandemics
  4751. Nursing Implications
  4752. Pharmacokinetics
  4753. Pharmacodynamics
  4754. Contraindications and Precautions
  4755. Adverse Effects
  4756. Drug Interactions
  4757. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4758. Health Status
  4759. Box 45.2: SYMPTOMS AT A GLANCE
  4760. Life Span and Gender
  4761. Lifestyle, Diet and Habits
  4762. Environment
  4763. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4764. Planning and Intervention
  4765. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4766. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4767. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4768. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4769. Drugs Closely Related to Oseltamivir
  4770. Zanamivir
  4771. Drugs Significantly Different From Oseltamivir
  4772. Amantadine
  4773. Rimantadine
  4774. Drugs Used for Hepatitis
  4775. TABLE 45.4: Summary of Selected Drugs for Hepatitis
  4776. TABLE 45.5: Drugs for Managing Hepatitis
  4777. Interferons
  4778. Interferon Alfa
  4779. Other Drugs for Hepatitis
  4780. Adefovir Dipivoxil
  4781. Boceprevir
  4782. Entecavir
  4783. Lamivudine
  4784. Telbivudine
  4785. Drugs Used for Respiratory Syncytial Virus
  4786. Palivizumab
  4787. Ribavirin
  4788. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  4789. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  4790. NEED MORE HELP?
  4791. REFERENCES
  4792. 46: Drugs Treating HIV Infection and AIDS
  4793. Learning Objectives
  4794. Key Terms
  4795. Drugs Treating HIV Infection ans AIDS
  4796. Box 46.1: DEFINING HIV INFECTION
  4797. Lab Criteria
  4798. Case Classification
  4799. PHYSIOLOGY
  4800. CD4 Cell Function
  4801. FIGURE 46.1
  4802. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
  4803. FIGURE 46.2
  4804. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  4805. FIGURE 46.3
  4806. DIAGNOSIS OF HIV INFECTION
  4807. Box 46.2: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HIV SCREENING
  4808. LABORATORY TESTS
  4809. Box 46.3: INDICATIONS FOR INITIATING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY FOR THE PATIENT WITH CHRONIC HIV-1 INFECTION
  4810. CD4 Cell Count
  4811. Viral Load (HIV RNA) Count
  4812. FIGURE 46.4
  4813. Resistance Assays
  4814. Box 46.4: DRUG RESISTANCE TESTING
  4815. PRINCIPLES OF DRUG THERAPY FOR HIV INFECTION
  4816. Box 46.5: PRINCIPLES OF DRUG THERAPY FOR HIV INFECTION
  4817. NUCLEOSIDE/NUCLEOTIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS
  4818. TABLE 46.1: Summary of Selected Nucleoside/Nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
  4819. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Zidovudine
  4820. Core Drug Knowledge
  4821. Pharmacotherapeutics
  4822. Pharmacokinetics
  4823. Pharmacodynamics
  4824. Contraindications and Precautions
  4825. Adverse Effects
  4826. TABLE 46.2: Potential Life-Threatening and Serious Adverse Effects of Antiretroviral Drug Classes
  4827. Drug Interactions
  4828. TABLE 46.3: Agents That Interact with Zidovudine
  4829. TABLE 46.4: HIV-Related Drugs with Overlapping Toxicities
  4830. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4831. Health Status
  4832. Life Span and Gender
  4833. Box 46.6: HIV MANAGEMENT DURING PREGNANCY
  4834. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  4835. Environment
  4836. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4837. Planning and Intervention
  4838. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4839. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4840. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4841. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4842. MEMORY CHIP : Zidovudine
  4843. Drugs Closely Related to Zidovudine
  4844. Abacavir Sulfate
  4845. Didanosine
  4846. Emtricitabine
  4847. Lamivudine
  4848. Stavudine
  4849. Tenofovir
  4850. NONNUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS (NNRTIS)
  4851. TABLE 46.5: Summary of Selected Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
  4852. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Efavirenz
  4853. Core Drug Knowledge
  4854. Pharmacotherapeutics
  4855. Pharmacokinetics
  4856. Pharmacodynamics
  4857. Contraindications and Precautions
  4858. Adverse Effects
  4859. Drug Interactions
  4860. TABLE 46.6: Agents That Interact with Efavirenz
  4861. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4862. Health Status
  4863. Life Span and Gender
  4864. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  4865. Environment
  4866. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4867. Planning and Intervention
  4868. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4869. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4870. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4871. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4872. Drugs Closely Related to Efavirenz
  4873. Delavirdine
  4874. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO
  4875. MEMORY CHIP : Efavirenz
  4876. Nevirapine
  4877. Etravirine (Intelence, TMC-125)
  4878. Rilpivirine
  4879. PROTEASE INHIBITORS
  4880. Box 46.7: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  4881. Lessening Lipoatrophy
  4882. The Study
  4883. Nursing Implications
  4884. TABLE 46.7: Summary of Selected Protease Inhibitors
  4885. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Saquinavir
  4886. Core Drug Knowledge
  4887. Pharmacotherapeutics
  4888. Pharmacoklnetics
  4889. Pharmacodynamics
  4890. Contraindications and Precautions
  4891. Adverse Effects
  4892. Drug Interactions
  4893. TABLE 46.8: Agents That Interact with Saquinavir
  4894. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4895. Health Status
  4896. Life Span and Gender
  4897. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  4898. Environment
  4899. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4900. Planning and Intervention
  4901. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4902. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4903. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4904. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4905. MEMORY CHIP : Saquinavir
  4906. Drugs Closely Related to Saquinavir
  4907. Atazanavir (Reyataz)
  4908. Darunavir
  4909. Fosamprenavir
  4910. Indinavir
  4911. Nelfinavir
  4912. Ritonavir
  4913. Tipranavir
  4914. Lopinavir/Ritonavir
  4915. INTEGRASE INHIBITORS
  4916. TABLE 46.9: Overview of Raltegravir
  4917. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Raltegravir
  4918. Core Drug Knowledge
  4919. Pharmacotherapeutics
  4920. Pharmacokinetics
  4921. Pharmacodynamics
  4922. Contraindications and Precautions
  4923. Adverse Effects
  4924. Drug Interactions
  4925. TABLE 46.10: Agents that Interact with Raltegravir
  4926. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4927. Health Status
  4928. Life Span and Gender
  4929. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  4930. Environment
  4931. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4932. Planning and Intervention
  4933. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4934. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4935. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4936. MEMORY CHIP : Raltegrvir
  4937. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4938. ENTRY INHIBITORS
  4939. TABLE 46.11: Summary of Selected Entry Inhibitors
  4940. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Enfuvirtide
  4941. Core Drug Knowledge
  4942. Pharmacotherapeutics
  4943. Pharmacokinetics
  4944. Pharmacodynamics
  4945. Contraindications and Precautions
  4946. Adverse Effects
  4947. Drug Interactions
  4948. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  4949. Health Status
  4950. Life Span and Gender
  4951. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  4952. Environment
  4953. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  4954. Planning and Intervention
  4955. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  4956. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  4957. Providing Patient and Family Education
  4958. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  4959. MEMORY CHIP : Enfuvirtide
  4960. Drugs Significantly Different Than Enfuvirtide CCR5 Inhibitors
  4961. POST-EXPOSURE PROPHYLAXIS
  4962. Box 46.8: BODY FLUIDS THAT CAN TRANSMIT A HIV INFECTION
  4963. PROPHYLAXIS FOR OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS
  4964. TABLE 46.12: Prophylaxis to Prevent First Episode of Opportunistic Disease
  4965. Box 46.9: ORAL HEALTH CARE FOR IMMUNOCOMPROMISED PATIENTS
  4966. Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia
  4967. Tuberculosis
  4968. Toxoplasma gondii
  4969. Disseminated Mycobacterium avium Complex
  4970. Streptococcus pneumoniae
  4971. Influenza Virus
  4972. Histoplasma capsulatum
  4973. Varicella-Zoster Virus
  4974. Hepatitis B
  4975. Hepatitis A
  4976. Cytomegalovirus
  4977. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  4978. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  4979. NEED MORE HELP?
  4980. REFERENCES
  4981. 47: Drugs Treating Parasitic Infections
  4982. Learning Objectives
  4983. Key Terms
  4984. Drugs Treating Parasitic Infections
  4985. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  4986. Malaria
  4987. FIGURE 47.1
  4988. Parasitic Diseases
  4989. Amebiasis
  4990. Cryptosporidiosis
  4991. Giardiasis
  4992. Trichomoniasis
  4993. Toxoplasmosis
  4994. Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia
  4995. Helminthic Infections
  4996. Intestinal Nematode Infections
  4997. Ascariasis (Giant Roundworm)
  4998. Enterobiasis (Pinworm)
  4999. Strongyloidiasis (Threadworm)
  5000. Trichuriasis (Whipworm)
  5001. Trichinosis (Pork Roundworm)
  5002. Blood and Tissue Nematode Infections
  5003. Cestode Infections
  5004. Trematode Infections
  5005. Ectoparasitic Infections
  5006. Scabies
  5007. Pediculosis
  5008. ANTIMALARIAL DRUGS
  5009. FIGURE 47.2
  5010. TABLE 47.1: Summary of Selected Antimalarial Drugs
  5011. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Chloroquine
  5012. Core Drug Knowledge
  5013. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5014. Pharmacokinetics
  5015. Pharmacodynamics
  5016. Contraindications and Precautions
  5017. Adverse Effects
  5018. Drug Interactions
  5019. TABLE 47.2: Agents That Interact with Chloroquine
  5020. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5021. Health Status
  5022. Life Span and Gender
  5023. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  5024. Environment
  5025. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5026. Planning and Intervention
  5027. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5028. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5029. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5030. Box 47.1: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  5031. Stop Malaria Before It Starts!
  5032. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5033. Drugs Closely Related to Chloroquine
  5034. Hydroxychloroquine
  5035. Primaquine
  5036. MEMORY CHIP : Chloroquine
  5037. Drugs Significantly Different From Chloroquine
  5038. Artemether/lumefantrine
  5039. Atovaquone/Proguanil
  5040. Mefloquine
  5041. Quinine Sulfate
  5042. Quinidine Gluconate
  5043. Antibacterials
  5044. ANTIPROTOZOAN DRUGS
  5045. Box 47.2: DRUGS FOR PROTOZOAN DISEASES
  5046. Drugs Affecting Amebiasis, Giardiasis, Trichomoniasis, and Toxoplasmosis
  5047. TABLE 47.3: Summary of Selected Antiprotozoal Drugs
  5048. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Metronidazole
  5049. Core Drug Knowledge
  5050. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5051. Pharmacokinetics
  5052. Pharmacodynamics
  5053. Contraindications and Precautions
  5054. Adverse Effects
  5055. Drug Interactions
  5056. TABLE 47.4: Agents That Interact with Metronidazole
  5057. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5058. Health Status
  5059. Life Span and Gender
  5060. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  5061. Environment
  5062. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5063. Planning and Intervention
  5064. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5065. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5066. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5067. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5068. MEMORY CHIP : Metronidazole
  5069. Drug Closely Related to Metronidazole
  5070. Drugs Significantly Different From Metronidazole
  5071. lodoquinol
  5072. Nitazoxanide
  5073. Paromomycin
  5074. Pyrimethamine
  5075. Drugs Affecting Pneumocystis jiroveci Pneumonia
  5076. TABLE 47.5: Overview of Pentamidine
  5077. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Pentamidine Isethionate
  5078. Core Drug Knowledge
  5079. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5080. Pharmacokinetics
  5081. Pharmacodynamics
  5082. Contraindications and Precautions
  5083. Adverse Effects
  5084. Drug Interactions
  5085. TABLE 47.6: Agents that Interact with Pentamidine
  5086. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5087. Health Status
  5088. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  5089. Environment
  5090. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5091. Planning and Intervention
  5092. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5093. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5094. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5095. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5096. Drugs Significantly Different From Pentamidine
  5097. Atovaquone
  5098. MEMORY CHIP : Pentamidine
  5099. Trimetrexate
  5100. ANTHELMINTHIC DRUGS
  5101. Box 47.3: WHICH DRUG FOR WHICH WORM?
  5102. TABLE 47.7: Summary of Selected Anthelminthic Drugs
  5103. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Mebendazole
  5104. Core Drug Knowledge
  5105. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5106. Pharmacokinetics
  5107. Pharmacodynamics
  5108. Contraindications and Precautions
  5109. Adverse Effects
  5110. Drug Interactions
  5111. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5112. Health Status
  5113. Life Span and Gender
  5114. Environment
  5115. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5116. Planning and Intervention
  5117. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5118. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5119. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5120. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5121. Drugs Closely Related to Mebendazole
  5122. Albendazole
  5123. MEMORY CHIP : Mebendazole
  5124. Thiabendazole
  5125. Drugs Significantly Different From Mebendazole
  5126. Diethylcarbamazine
  5127. Ivermectin
  5128. Pyrantel
  5129. Praziquantel
  5130. ANTIECTOPARASITIC DRUGS
  5131. TABLE 47.8: Summary of Selected Antiectoparasitic Drugs
  5132. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Permethrin
  5133. Core Drug Knowledge
  5134. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5135. Pharmacokinetics
  5136. Pharmacodynamics
  5137. Contraindications and Precautions
  5138. Adverse Effects
  5139. Drug Interactions
  5140. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5141. Health Status
  5142. Life Span and Gender
  5143. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  5144. Environment
  5145. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: HOME CARE CONCERNS IN ANTIECTOPARASITIC THERAPY
  5146. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
  5147. Planning and Intervention
  5148. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5149. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5150. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5151. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5152. Drugs Closely Related to Permethrin
  5153. Benzyl Alcohol
  5154. MEMORY CHIP : Permethrin
  5155. Crotamiton
  5156. Lindane
  5157. Malathion
  5158. Pyrethrins Plus Piperonyl Butoxide
  5159. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  5160. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  5161. NEED MORE HELP?
  5162. REFERENCES
  5163. UNIT 11: Endocrine Drugs
  5164. 48: Drugs Affecting Corticosteroid Levels
  5165. Learning Objectives
  5166. Key Terms
  5167. Drugs Affecting Corticosteroid Levels
  5168. Box 48.1: THERAPEUTIC USES FOR THE CORTICOSTEROIDS
  5169. Glucocorticoid and Mineralocorticoid Effects at Physiologic Doses
  5170. Glucocorticoid Effects at Supraphysiologic (Pharmacologic) Doses
  5171. PHYSIOLOGY
  5172. Glucocorticoids
  5173. FIGURE 48.1
  5174. Mineralocorticoids
  5175. Sex Steroids
  5176. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  5177. Adrenal Insufficiency
  5178. Cushing Syndrome
  5179. FIGURE 48.2
  5180. Salt-Losing Adrenogenital Syndrome
  5181. Hyperaldosteronism
  5182. STEROID HORMONE AGONISTS
  5183. Glucocorticoids
  5184. FIGURE 48.3
  5185. TABLE 48.1: Summary of Selected Glucocorticoids
  5186. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Prednisone
  5187. Core Drug Knowledge
  5188. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5189. Pharmacokinetics
  5190. Pharmacodynamics
  5191. Box 48.2: PHARMACODYNAMIC EFFECTS OF GLUCOCORTICOIDS
  5192. Metabolic
  5193. Anti-inflammatory (systemic and local effects)
  5194. Contraindications and Precautions
  5195. Adverse Effects
  5196. Box 48.3: POTENTIAL ADVERSE EFFECTS OF PREDNISONE (AND OTHER GLUCOCORTICOID THERAPY
  5197. Central Nervous System Problems
  5198. Endocrine/Metabolic Problems
  5199. Cardiovascular Problems
  5200. Gastrointestinal Problems
  5201. Fluid and Electrolyte Problems
  5202. Hematologic and Immunologic Problems
  5203. Musculoskeletal Problems
  5204. Ophthalmic Problems
  5205. Integumentary Problems
  5206. General Problems
  5207. Drug Interactions
  5208. TABLE 48.2: Agents That Interact with Prednisone
  5209. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5210. Health Status
  5211. Life Span and Gender
  5212. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  5213. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5214. Planning and Intervention
  5215. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5216. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5217. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5218. Box 48.4: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  5219. Home Dosing Strategies
  5220. One Dose Every Other Day
  5221. One Dose Every Day
  5222. Several Doses Every Day
  5223. Periods of Stress, Illness, Injury, or Surgery
  5224. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5225. MEMORY CHIP : Prednisone
  5226. Drugs Closely Related to Prednisone
  5227. Betamethasone
  5228. Dexamethasone
  5229. Hydrocortisone
  5230. Methylprednisolone
  5231. Prednisolone
  5232. Inhaled Glucocorticoids
  5233. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: CONCERNS RAISED BY METHYLPREDNISOLONE AND OTHER GLUCOCORTICOIDS
  5234. Topical Glucocorticoids
  5235. TABLE 48.3: Comparative Potency of Topical Glucocorticosteroids
  5236. Intra-articularly Injected Glucocorticoids
  5237. MINERALOCORTICOIDS
  5238. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Fludrocortisone
  5239. Core Drug Knowledge
  5240. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5241. Pharmacokinetics
  5242. TABLE 48.4: Overview of Fludrocortisone
  5243. Pharmacodynamics
  5244. Contraindications and Precautions
  5245. Adverse Effects
  5246. Drug Interactions
  5247. TABLE 48.5: Agents That Interact with Fludrocortisone
  5248. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5249. Health Status
  5250. Life Span and Gender
  5251. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  5252. Environment
  5253. Culture and Inherited Traits
  5254. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5255. Planning and Intervention
  5256. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5257. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5258. MEMORY CHIP : Fludrocortisone
  5259. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5260. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5261. STEROID HORMONE ANTAGONISTS
  5262. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Aminoglutethimide
  5263. Core Drug Knowledge
  5264. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5265. Pharmacokinetics
  5266. TABLE 48.6: Overview of Aminoglutethimide
  5267. Pharmacodynamics
  5268. Contraindications and Precautions
  5269. Adverse Effects
  5270. Drug Interactions
  5271. TABLE 48.7: Agents That Interact with Aminoglutethimide
  5272. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5273. Health Status
  5274. Life Span and Gender
  5275. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  5276. Environment
  5277. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5278. Planning and Intervention
  5279. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5280. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5281. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5282. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5283. MEMORY CHIP : Aminoglutethimide
  5284. Drugs Significantly Different From Aminoglutethimide
  5285. Cyproheptadine
  5286. Ketoconazole
  5287. Mitotane
  5288. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  5289. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  5290. NEED MORE HELP?
  5291. REFERENCES
  5292. 49: Drugs Affecting Blood Glucose Levels
  5293. Learning Objectives
  5294. Key Terms
  5295. Drugs Affecting Blood Glucose Levels
  5296. PHYSIOLOGY
  5297. Insulin
  5298. Functions of Insulin
  5299. FIGURE 49.1
  5300. Insulin Synthesis and Release
  5301. Glucagon
  5302. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  5303. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
  5304. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
  5305. TABLE 49.1: Comparison of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
  5306. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
  5307. Other Causes of Diabetes Mellitus
  5308. Criteria for Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis
  5309. Complications of Diabetes
  5310. Acute Complications
  5311. FIGURE 49.2
  5312. Chronic Complications
  5313. BOX 49.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  5314. Diabetes Case Management Among Low-Income Ethnic Minority Populations
  5315. The Study
  5316. Nursing Implications
  5317. Diabetic Therapy
  5318. TABLE 49.2: Summary of Selected Antidiabetic Drugs
  5319. INSULINS
  5320. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Regular Insulin
  5321. Core Drug Knowledge
  5322. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5323. Pharmacokinetics
  5324. Pharmacodynamics
  5325. Contraindications and Precautions
  5326. Adverse Effects
  5327. Drug Interactions
  5328. TABLE 49.3: Agents that Interact with Regular Insulin
  5329. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5330. Health Status
  5331. Life Span and Gender
  5332. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  5333. Environment
  5334. BOX 49.2: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  5335. Understanding How an Insulin Infusion Pump Works
  5336. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5337. Planning and Intervention
  5338. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5339. Box 49.3: FACTORS THAT ALTER THE ACCURACY OFA BEDSIDE BLOOD GLUCOSE RESULTS
  5340. Common User Errors:
  5341. Potential Patient Factors:
  5342. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5343. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5344. Box 49.4: PATIENT AND FAMILY EDUCATION COMMON TO DIABETIC DRUG THERAPY
  5345. DISCUSSING DIET
  5346. UNDERSTANDING ACTIVITY AND REST
  5347. RECOGNIZING THE ROLE OF STRESS
  5348. MONITORING THE BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL
  5349. ADMINISTERING INSULIN
  5350. Box 49.5: INSULIN ADMINISTRATION
  5351. American Diabetes Association Guidelines for Preparing and Administering a Subcutaneous Dose of Insulin
  5352. Other Considerations
  5353. EXPLAINING OTHER SAFETY MEASURES
  5354. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5355. Drugs Closely Related to Regular Insulin
  5356. Rapid-acting Insulins: Aspart, Lispro, and Glulisine
  5357. TABLE 49.4: Pharmacokinetics of Insulins
  5358. MEMORY CHIP : Regular Insulin
  5359. Drugs Significantly Different From Regular Insulin
  5360. Preparations of Aspart or Lispro with Protamine
  5361. NPH
  5362. Detemir
  5363. Glargine
  5364. NON-INSULIN ANTIDIABETIC MEDICATIONS
  5365. Sulfonylureas
  5366. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Glyburide
  5367. Core Drug Knowledge
  5368. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5369. Pharmacokinetics
  5370. Pharmacodynamics
  5371. Contraindications and Precautions
  5372. Adverse Effects
  5373. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: UNEXPECTED HYPOGLYCEMIA
  5374. Drug Interactions
  5375. TABLE 49.5: Agents that Interact with Glyburide1
  5376. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5377. Health Status
  5378. Life Span and Gender
  5379. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  5380. Environment
  5381. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5382. Planning and Intervention
  5383. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5384. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5385. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5386. MEMORY CHIP : Glyburide
  5387. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5388. Drugs Closely Related to Glyburide
  5389. Drugs Significantly Different From Glyburide
  5390. Repaglinide
  5391. Nateglinide
  5392. Nonsulfonylureas
  5393. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Metformin
  5394. Core Drug Knowledge
  5395. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5396. Pharmacokinetics
  5397. Pharmacodynamics
  5398. Contraindications and Precautions
  5399. Adverse Effects
  5400. Drug Interactions
  5401. TABLE 49.6: Agents That Interact with Metformin
  5402. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5403. Health Status
  5404. Life Span and Gender
  5405. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  5406. Environment
  5407. Culture and Inherited Traits
  5408. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
  5409. Planning and Intervention
  5410. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5411. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5412. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5413. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5414. MEMORY CHIP : Metformin
  5415. Drugs Closely Related to Metformin
  5416. Thiazolidinediones: Rosiglitazone and Pioglitazone
  5417. Rosiglitazone
  5418. Pioglitazone
  5419. Drugs Significantly Different From Metformin
  5420. Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors: Acarbose and Miglitol
  5421. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor
  5422. Incretin Mimetic
  5423. Amylin Analogue
  5424. Antidiabetic Combination Agents: Glucovance and Metaglip
  5425. GLUCOSE-ELEVATING AGENTS
  5426. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Glucagon
  5427. Core Drug Knowledge
  5428. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5429. Pharmacokinetics
  5430. Pharmacodynamics
  5431. Contraindications and Precautions
  5432. Adverse Effects
  5433. Drug Interactions
  5434. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5435. Health Status
  5436. Life Span and Gender
  5437. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  5438. Environment
  5439. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcome
  5440. Planning and Intervention
  5441. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5442. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5443. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5444. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5445. Drugs Significantly Different From Glucagon
  5446. Diazoxide
  5447. MEMORY CHIP : Glucagon
  5448. Glucose
  5449. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  5450. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  5451. NEED MORE HELP?
  5452. REFERENCES
  5453. 50: Drugs Affecting Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Hypothalamic Function
  5454. Learning Objectives
  5455. Key Terms
  5456. Drugs Affecting Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Hypothalamic Function
  5457. PHYSIOLOGY
  5458. FIGURE 50.1
  5459. Pituitary Gland Function
  5460. Anterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland
  5461. Posterior Lobe of the Pituitary Gland
  5462. Thyroid Gland Function
  5463. FIGURE 50.2
  5464. TABLE 50.1: Effect of Thyroid Hormones
  5465. Parathyroid Gland Function
  5466. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  5467. Pituitary Gland Dysfunction
  5468. Anterior Pituitary Gland Dysfunction
  5469. Growth Hormone Deficiency
  5470. Growth Hormone Excess
  5471. Posterior Pituitary Gland Dysfunction
  5472. Diabetes Insipidus
  5473. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
  5474. Box 50.1: DRUGS THAT MAY CAUSE SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE SECRETION (SIADH)
  5475. Thyroid Gland Dysfunction
  5476. TABLE 50.2: Clinical Comparison of Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism
  5477. Hypothyroidism
  5478. Hyperthyroidism
  5479. Parathyroid Gland Dysfunction
  5480. TABLE 50.3: Disorders of Bone and Calcium Metabolism
  5481. Hypoparathyroidism
  5482. Hyperparathyroidism
  5483. FIGURE 50.3
  5484. TABLE 50.4: Actions of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) and Vitamin D
  5485. PITUITARY DRUGS
  5486. TABLE 50.5: Summary of Selected Pituitary Drugs
  5487. Growth Hormones
  5488. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Somatropin
  5489. Core Drug Knowledge
  5490. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5491. Pharmacokinetics
  5492. Pharmacodynamics
  5493. Contraindications and Precautions
  5494. Adverse Effects
  5495. Drug Interactions
  5496. TABLE 50.6: Agents That Interact with Somatropin
  5497. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5498. Health Status
  5499. Life Span and Gender
  5500. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  5501. Environment
  5502. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5503. Planning and Intervention
  5504. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5505. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5506. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5507. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5508. BOX 50.2: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  5509. Children Receiving Growth Hormone (Somatropin)
  5510. Drugs Closely Related to Somatropin Other Somatropin Preparations
  5511. MEMORY CHIP : Somatropin
  5512. Sermorelin Acetate
  5513. Drugs Significantly Different From Somatropin
  5514. Octreotide Acetate
  5515. Bromocriptine Mesylate
  5516. Pegvisomant
  5517. Posterior Pituitary Hormone Regulators
  5518. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Desmopressin
  5519. Core Drug Knowledge
  5520. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5521. Pharmacokinetics
  5522. Pharmacodynamics
  5523. Contraindications and Precautions
  5524. Adverse Effects
  5525. Drug Interactions
  5526. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5527. Health Status
  5528. Life Span and Gender
  5529. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits and Environment
  5530. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5531. Planning and Intervention
  5532. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5533. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5534. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5535. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5536. MEMORY CHIP : Desmopressin
  5537. Drug Closely Related to Desmopressin
  5538. Vasopressin
  5539. THYROID DRUGS
  5540. Thyroid Hormones
  5541. TABLE 50.7: Summary of Selected Thyroid Hormones
  5542. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Levothyroxine
  5543. Core Drug Knowledge
  5544. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5545. Pharmacokinetics
  5546. Pharmacodynamics
  5547. Contraindications and Precautions
  5548. Adverse Effects
  5549. Drug Interactions
  5550. TABLE 50.8: Agents That Interact with Levothyroxine
  5551. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5552. Health Status
  5553. Life Span and Gender
  5554. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  5555. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: LEVOTHYROXINE AND WEIGHT CONTROL
  5556. Environment
  5557. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5558. Planning and Intervention
  5559. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5560. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5561. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5562. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5563. MEMORY CHIP : Levothyroxine
  5564. Drugs Closely Related to Levothyroxine
  5565. Desiccated Thyroid
  5566. Liothyronine Sodium
  5567. Liotrix
  5568. Antithyroid Compunds
  5569. TABLE 50.9: Summary of Selected Antithyroid Drugse
  5570. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Methimazole (MMI)
  5571. Core Drug Knowledge
  5572. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5573. Pharmacokinetics
  5574. Pharmacodynamics
  5575. Contraindications and Precautions
  5576. Adverse Effects
  5577. Drug Interactions
  5578. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5579. Health Status
  5580. Life Span and Gender
  5581. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  5582. Environment
  5583. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5584. Planning and Intervention
  5585. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5586. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5587. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5588. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5589. Drug Closely Related to Methimazole
  5590. MEMORY CHIP : Methimazole (MMI)
  5591. Drugs Significantly Different From Methimazole
  5592. Iodide or Iodine Solutions (Lugol Solution, Thyro-Block (tablets))
  5593. Iodine-131
  5594. Propranolol
  5595. PARATHYROID DRUGS
  5596. Antihypercalcemic, Calcium-Regulator Drugs
  5597. TABLE 50.10: Summary of Selected Antithypercalcemic Drugs
  5598. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Calcitonin, Salmon
  5599. Core Drug Knowledge
  5600. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5601. Pharmacokinetics
  5602. Pharmacodynamics
  5603. Contraindications and Precautions
  5604. Adverse Effects
  5605. Drug Interactions
  5606. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5607. Health Status
  5608. Life Span and Gender
  5609. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits and Environment
  5610. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5611. Planning and Intervention
  5612. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5613. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5614. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5615. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5616. Drugs Closely Related to Calcitonin, Salmon
  5617. Bisphosphonates
  5618. MEMORY CHIP : Calcitonin, Salmon
  5619. Drugs Significantly Different From Calcitonin, Salmon
  5620. Cinacalcet
  5621. Furosemide
  5622. Gallium
  5623. Plicamycin
  5624. Antihypocalcemic Drugs
  5625. TABLE 50.11: Summary of Selected Antihypocalcemic Drugs
  5626. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Calcitriol
  5627. Core Drug Knowledge
  5628. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5629. Pharmacokinetics
  5630. Pharmacodynamics
  5631. Contraindications and Precautions
  5632. Adverse Effects
  5633. Drug Interactions
  5634. TABLE 50.12: Agents That Interact with Calcitriol
  5635. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5636. Health Status
  5637. Life Span and Gender
  5638. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  5639. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5640. Planning and Intervention
  5641. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5642. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5643. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5644. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5645. Drugs Closely Related to Calcitriol
  5646. Dihydrotachysterol
  5647. MEMORY CHIP : Calcitriol
  5648. Doxercalciferol
  5649. Paricalcitol
  5650. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  5651. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  5652. NEED MORE HELP?
  5653. REFERENCES
  5654. 51: Drugs Affecting Men’s Health and Sexuality
  5655. Learning Objectives
  5656. Key Terms
  5657. Drugs Affecting Men’s Health and Sexuality
  5658. PHYSIOLOGY
  5659. Hormones
  5660. Penis
  5661. Urethra and Prostate
  5662. FIGURE 51.1
  5663. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  5664. Hormonal Problems
  5665. Erectile Dysfunction
  5666. Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
  5667. FIGURE 51.2
  5668. Male Pattern Baldness
  5669. Prostate Cancer
  5670. ANDROGENS
  5671. TABLE 51.1: Summary of Selected Drugs Used to Treat Men’s Health Problems
  5672. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Testosterone
  5673. Core Drug Knowledge
  5674. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5675. Pharmacokinetics
  5676. Pharmacodynamics
  5677. Contraindications and Precautions
  5678. Adverse Effects
  5679. Drug Interactions
  5680. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5681. Health Status
  5682. Life Span and Gender
  5683. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  5684. BOX 51.1: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  5685. Athletes and Testosterone
  5686. Environment
  5687. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5688. Planning and Intervention
  5689. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5690. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5691. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5692. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5693. Drugs Closely Related to Testosterone
  5694. Synthetic Testosterones
  5695. Anabolic Steroids
  5696. MEMORY CHIP : Testosterone
  5697. Drug Significantly Different From
  5698. Testosterone
  5699. Drugs Used To Treat Erectile Dysfunction
  5700. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Sildenafil
  5701. Core Drug Knowledge
  5702. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5703. BOX 51.2: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  5704. New Indications for Sildenafil
  5705. The Study
  5706. Nursing Implications
  5707. Pharmacokinetics
  5708. Pharmacodynamics
  5709. Contraindications and Precautions
  5710. Adverse Effects
  5711. Drug Interactions
  5712. TABLE 51.2: Drugs That Interact with Sildenafil
  5713. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5714. Health Status
  5715. Life Span and Gender
  5716. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  5717. Environment
  5718. Culture and Inherited Traits
  5719. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5720. Planning and Intervention
  5721. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects and Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5722. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5723. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: EFFECTIVENESS OF SILDENAFIL
  5724. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5725. Drugs Closely Related to Sildenafil
  5726. MEMORY CHIP : Sidenafil
  5727. Vardenafil
  5728. Tadalafil
  5729. Alprostadil
  5730. Drug Significantly Different From Sildenafil
  5731. Yohimbine
  5732. Drugs To Treat Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
  5733. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Finasteride
  5734. Core Drug Knowledge
  5735. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5736. Pharmacokinetics
  5737. Pharmacodynamics
  5738. Contraindications and Precautions
  5739. Adverse Effects
  5740. Drug Interactions
  5741. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5742. Health Status
  5743. Life Span and Gender
  5744. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  5745. Environment
  5746. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5747. Planning and Intervention
  5748. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5749. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5750. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5751. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5752. MEMORY CHIP : Finasteride
  5753. Drug Closely Related To Finasteride
  5754. Drugs Significantly Different From Finasteride
  5755. DRUGS TO TREAT MALE PATTERN BALDNESS
  5756. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Minoxidil
  5757. Core Drug Knowledge
  5758. Pharmacotherapeutlcs
  5759. Pharmacokinetics
  5760. Pharmacodynamics
  5761. Contraindications and Precautions
  5762. Adverse Effects
  5763. Drug Interactions
  5764. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5765. Health Status
  5766. Life Span and Gender
  5767. Environment
  5768. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5769. Planning and Intervention
  5770. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5771. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5772. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5773. MEMORY CHIP : Minoxidil (topical)
  5774. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5775. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  5776. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  5777. NEED MORE HELP?
  5778. REFERENCES
  5779. 52: Drugs Affecting Women’s Health and Sexuality
  5780. Learning Objectives
  5781. Key Terms
  5782. Drugs Affecting Women’s Health and Sexuality
  5783. PHYSIOLOGY
  5784. Estrogen
  5785. Progestin
  5786. Menstrual Cycle
  5787. FIGURE 52.1
  5788. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  5789. ESTROGENS
  5790. TABLE 52.1: Summary of Selected Estrogens
  5791. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Conjugated Estrogen
  5792. Core Drug Knowledge
  5793. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5794. Pharmacokinetics
  5795. Pharmacodynamics
  5796. Contraindications and Precautions
  5797. Adverse Effects
  5798. Drug Interactions
  5799. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5800. Health Status
  5801. BOX 52.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  5802. Summary of Findings from the Women’s Health Initiative
  5803. The Study
  5804. Nursing Implications
  5805. Life Span and Gender
  5806. Environment
  5807. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5808. Planning and Intervention
  5809. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5810. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5811. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5812. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: INDIVIDUAL DECISIONS ABOUT HORMONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY
  5813. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5814. Drugs Closely Related to Conjugated Estrogen
  5815. Drugs Significantly Different From Conjugated Estrogen
  5816. Clomiphene
  5817. MEMORY CHIP : Conjugated Estrogen
  5818. Gonadotropins and Menotropins
  5819. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
  5820. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormones
  5821. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonist
  5822. Synthetic Androgens
  5823. PROGESTINS
  5824. TABLE 52.2: Summary of Selected Progestins
  5825. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Progesterone
  5826. Core Drug Knowledge
  5827. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5828. Pharmacokinetics
  5829. Pharmacodynamics
  5830. Contraindications and Precautions
  5831. Adverse Effects
  5832. Drug Interactions
  5833. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5834. Health Status
  5835. Life Span and Gender
  5836. Environment
  5837. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5838. Planning and Intervention
  5839. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5840. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5841. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5842. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5843. Drugs Closely Related to Progesterone
  5844. Medroxyprogesterone, Norethindrone, and Norethindrone Acetate
  5845. MEMORY CHIP : Progesterone
  5846. Other Forms of Progesterone
  5847. Drugs Significantly Different From Progesterone
  5848. Megestrol
  5849. Mifepristone
  5850. CONTRACEPTIVES
  5851. BOX 52.2: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  5852. Contraceptives and Sexually Transmitted Infections
  5853. Oral Contraceptives
  5854. Emergency Oral Contraceptives
  5855. Other Combination Contraceptives
  5856. Transdermal Contraceptives
  5857. Vaginal Ring Contraceptive
  5858. Implanted Contraceptives
  5859. Intrauterine System Contraceptive
  5860. BISPHOSPHONATES
  5861. TABLE 52.3: Summary of Selected Drugs Used to Treat Bone Resorption
  5862. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Alendronate
  5863. Core Drug Knowledge
  5864. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5865. Pharmacokinetics
  5866. Pharmacodynamics
  5867. Contraindications and Precautions
  5868. Adverse Effects
  5869. Drug Interactions
  5870. TABLE 52.4: Agents That Interact with Alendronate
  5871. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5872. Health Status
  5873. Life Span and Gender
  5874. Lifestyle, Diet and Habits
  5875. Environment
  5876. Culture and Inherited Traits
  5877. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5878. Planning and Intervention
  5879. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5880. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5881. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5882. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5883. Drugs Closely Related to Alendronate
  5884. Ibandronate
  5885. MEMORY CHIP : Alendronate
  5886. Risedronate
  5887. Etidronate, Tiludronate, Pamidronate, and Zoledronic Acid
  5888. Drugs Significantly Different From Alendronate
  5889. Raloxifene
  5890. Calcitonin, Salmon
  5891. Teriparatide
  5892. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  5893. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  5894. NEED MORE HELP?
  5895. REFERENCES
  5896. 53: Drugs Affecting Uterine Motility
  5897. Learning Objectives
  5898. Key Terms
  5899. Drugs Affecting Uterine Motility
  5900. PHYSIOLOGY
  5901. Contractions and Related Changes
  5902. Systemic Changes in Labor
  5903. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  5904. OXYTOCICS
  5905. TABLE 53.1: Summary of Selected Uterine Motility Drugs
  5906. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Oxytocin
  5907. Core Drug Knowledge
  5908. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5909. Pharmacokinetics
  5910. Pharmacodynamics
  5911. FIGURE 53.1
  5912. Contraindications and Precautions
  5913. Adverse Effects
  5914. Drug Interactions
  5915. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5916. Health Status
  5917. Life Span and Gender
  5918. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  5919. Environment
  5920. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5921. Planning and Intervention
  5922. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5923. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5924. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5925. MEMORY CHIP : Oxytocin
  5926. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5927. Drugs Closely Related to Oxytocin
  5928. Ergonovine Maleate
  5929. Methylergonovine
  5930. Drugs Significantly Different From Oxytocin
  5931. Carboprost
  5932. Dinoprostone
  5933. Misoprostol
  5934. TOCOLYTICS
  5935. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Terbutaline
  5936. Core Drug Knowledge
  5937. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5938. BOX 53.1: FOCUS ON RESERCH
  5939. Tocolytic Therapy: A meta-analysis and decision analysis.
  5940. The Study
  5941. Nursing Implications
  5942. Pharmacokinetics
  5943. Pharmacodynamics
  5944. Contraindications and Precautions
  5945. Adverse Effects
  5946. Drug Interactions
  5947. TABLE 53.2: Agents That Interact with Terbutaline
  5948. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5949. Health Status
  5950. Life Span and Gender
  5951. Environment
  5952. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  5953. Planning and Intervention
  5954. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  5955. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  5956. BOX 53.2: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  5957. Teaching About Drugs That Affect Uterine Function
  5958. Providing Patient and Family Education
  5959. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  5960. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: MATERNAL MONITORING AND TERBUTALINE
  5961. MEMORY CHIP : Terbutaline
  5962. Drug Closely Related to Terbutaline
  5963. Drugs Significantly Different From Terbutaline
  5964. Magnesium Sulfate
  5965. TABLE 53.3: Correlation of Serum Levels and Effects of Magnesium Sulfate
  5966. Calcium Channel Blockers
  5967. Atosiban
  5968. Indomethacin
  5969. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  5970. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  5971. NEED MORE HELP?
  5972. REFERENCES
  5973. UNIT 12: Immune System and Cancer Chemotherapy Drugs
  5974. 54: Drugs Affecting the Immune Response
  5975. Learning Objectives
  5976. Key Terms
  5977. Drugs Affecting the Immune Response
  5978. PHYSIOLOGY
  5979. Specific Immune Responses
  5980. FIGURE 54.1
  5981. Immunity
  5982. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  5983. TABLE 54.1: Summary of Selected Biotherapy Agents
  5984. CYTOKINES
  5985. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Interferon Alfa-2a
  5986. Core Drug Knowledge
  5987. Pharmacotherapeutics
  5988. Pharmacokinetics
  5989. Pharmacodynamics
  5990. Contraindications and Precautions
  5991. Adverse Effects
  5992. Drug Interactions
  5993. TABLE 54.2: Agents That Interact with Interferon Alfa-2a
  5994. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  5995. Health Status
  5996. Life Span and Gender
  5997. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  5998. Environment
  5999. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  6000. Planning and Intervention
  6001. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  6002. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  6003. Providing Patient and Family Education
  6004. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  6005. Drugs Closely Related to Interferon Alfa-2a
  6006. MEMORY CHIP : Interferon Alfa-2a
  6007. Drug Significantly Different From Interferon Alfa-2a
  6008. IMMUNE MODULATORS
  6009. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Cyclosporine
  6010. Core Drug Knowledge
  6011. Pharmacotherapeutics
  6012. Pharmacokinetics
  6013. Pharmacodynamics
  6014. Contraindications and Precautions
  6015. Adverse Effects
  6016. Drug Interactions
  6017. TABLE 54.3: Agents That Interact With Cyclosporine
  6018. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  6019. Health Status
  6020. Life Span and Gender
  6021. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  6022. Environment
  6023. BOX 54.1: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  6024. Cyclosporine at Home
  6025. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  6026. Planning and Intervention
  6027. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  6028. BOX 54.2: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  6029. Blood Levels of Cyclosporine Drawn Peripherally or From a Central Access Device
  6030. The Study
  6031. Nursing Implications
  6032. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  6033. Providing Patient and Family Education
  6034. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  6035. MEMORY CHIP : Cyclosporine
  6036. Drugs Closely Related to Cyclosporine
  6037. Tacrolimus
  6038. Sirolimus
  6039. Pemecrolimus
  6040. Mycophenolate Mofetil
  6041. Drugs Significantly Different From Cyclosporine
  6042. Retinoids
  6043. All-Transretinoic Acid
  6044. 9-Cis-Transretinoic Acid
  6045. Bexarotene
  6046. Levamisole
  6047. Azathioprine
  6048. Glatiramer
  6049. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)
  6050. Denileukin Diftitox
  6051. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Thalidomide
  6052. Core Drug Knowledge
  6053. Pharmacotherapeutics
  6054. Pharmacokinetics
  6055. Pharmacodynamics
  6056. Contraindications and Precautions
  6057. Adverse effects
  6058. Drug Interactions
  6059. TABLE 54.4: Agents That Interact with Thalidomide
  6060. Assessment of Relevent Core Patient Variables
  6061. Health Status
  6062. Life Span and Gender
  6063. Lifestyle, Diet and Habits
  6064. Environment
  6065. Nursing Diagnosis and Outcomes
  6066. Planning and Intervention
  6067. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  6068. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  6069. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO
  6070. Providing Patient and Family Education
  6071. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  6072. MEMORY CHIP : Thalidomide
  6073. Drugs Closely Related to Thalidomide
  6074. Lenalidomide
  6075. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  6076. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  6077. NEED MORE HELP?
  6078. REFERENCES
  6079. 55: Targeted Therapies
  6080. Learning Objectives
  6081. Key Terms
  6082. Targeted Therapies
  6083. PHYSIOLOGY
  6084. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  6085. TABLE 55.1: Summary of Selected Targeted Agents
  6086. ANTIBODIES
  6087. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Rituximab
  6088. Core Drug Knowledge
  6089. Pharmacotherapeutics
  6090. Pharmacokinetics
  6091. Pharmacodynamics
  6092. Contraindications and Precautions
  6093. Adverse Effects
  6094. Drug Interactions
  6095. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  6096. Health Status
  6097. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: RITUXIMAB FOR TREATMENT OF NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA
  6098. Life Span and Gender
  6099. Environment
  6100. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  6101. Planning and Intervention
  6102. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  6103. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  6104. Providing Patient and Family Education
  6105. MEMORY CHIP : Rituximab
  6106. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  6107. Drugs Closely Related to Rituximab
  6108. Trastuzumab
  6109. Bevacizumab
  6110. Cetuximab
  6111. Panitumumab
  6112. Alemtuzumab
  6113. Ofatumumab
  6114. Abciximab
  6115. Palivizumab
  6116. Denosumab
  6117. Drugs Significantly Different From Rituximab
  6118. Muromonab-CD3
  6119. Daclizumab
  6120. Basiliximab
  6121. Infliximab
  6122. Eculizumab
  6123. Satumomab Pendetide
  6124. Tositumomab Plus Iodine-131
  6125. Yttrium-90 Ibritumomab Tiuxetan
  6126. KINASE INHIBITORS
  6127. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Imatinib
  6128. Core Drug Knowledge
  6129. Pharmacotherapeutics
  6130. Pharmacokinetics
  6131. Pharmacodynamics
  6132. Contraindications and Precautions
  6133. Adverse Effects
  6134. Drug Interactions
  6135. TABLE 55.2: Agents That Interact with Imatinib
  6136. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  6137. Health Status
  6138. Life Span and Gender
  6139. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  6140. Environment
  6141. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  6142. Planning and Intervention
  6143. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  6144. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  6145. Providing Patient and Family Education
  6146. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  6147. Drugs Closely Related to Imatinib
  6148. Dasatinib
  6149. MEMORY CHIP : Imatinib
  6150. Nilotinib
  6151. Drugs Significantly Different from Imatinib
  6152. Erlotinib
  6153. Gefitinib
  6154. BOX 55.1: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  6155. Gefitinib First Line for Patients with Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer with Egfr Mutations Shows Improved Progression-Free Survival when Compared to Standard Chemotherapy.
  6156. The Study
  6157. Nursing Implications
  6158. Lapatinib
  6159. Sorafenib
  6160. Sunitinib
  6161. Pazopanib
  6162. MTOR INHIBITORS
  6163. MTOR-I Inhibitors: Temsirolimus, Eversirolimus
  6164. Temsirolimus
  6165. Eversirolimus
  6166. OTHER INHIBITORS
  6167. PROTEASOME INHIBITORS
  6168. Bortezomib
  6169. HDAC INHIBITORS
  6170. Vorinostat
  6171. Romidepsin
  6172. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  6173. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  6174. NEED MORE HELP?
  6175. REFERENCES
  6176. 56: Drugs That Are Cell Cycle–Specific
  6177. Learning Objectives
  6178. Key Terms
  6179. Drugs That Are Cell Cycle–Specific
  6180. BOX 56.1: ROLE OF CHEMOTHERAPY IN VARIOUS CANCERS
  6181. Primary Treatment
  6182. Future as a Primary Treatment
  6183. Treatment Before Surgery
  6184. PHYSIOLOGY
  6185. FIGURE 56.1
  6186. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
  6187. CELLULAR KINETICS OF CHEMOTHERAPY DRUGS
  6188. FIGURE 56.2
  6189. ROUTES OF CHEMOTHERAPY ADMINISTRATION
  6190. TABLE 56.1: Administration Routes for Antineoplastic Drugs
  6191. HANDLING AND PROPER DISPOSAL OF CHEMOTHERAPY AGENTS
  6192. Recommendations to Minimize Exposure During Preparation, Transport, Disposal, and Storage of Chemotherapeutic Agents
  6193. Management of Chemotherapy Spills
  6194. Measures for Accidental Exposure to Chemotherapy
  6195. CLASSIFICATION OF ANTINEOPLASTIC DRUGS
  6196. TABLE 56.2: Summary of Selected Cell Cycle–Specific Antineoplastic Drugs
  6197. ANTIMETABOLITES
  6198. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving 5-Fluorouracil
  6199. Core Drug Knowledge
  6200. Pharmacotherapeutics
  6201. Pharmacokinetics
  6202. Pharmacodynamics
  6203. Contraindications and Precautions
  6204. Adverse Effects
  6205. Drug Interactions
  6206. TABLE 56.3: Agents That Interact with 5-Fluorouracil
  6207. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  6208. Health Status
  6209. Life Span and Gender
  6210. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  6211. Environment
  6212. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  6213. Planning and Intervention
  6214. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  6215. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  6216. Providing Patient and Family Education
  6217. BOX 56.2: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  6218. General Patient and Family Education for Chemotherapy
  6219. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  6220. MEMORY CHIP : 5-Fluorouracil
  6221. Drugs Closely Related to 5-Fluorouracil
  6222. Cytarabine
  6223. Floxuridine
  6224. Gemcitabine
  6225. Capecitabine
  6226. BOX 56.3: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  6227. Capecitabine Results in Superior Response Rate, Improved Safety Profile, and Improved Convenience
  6228. The Study
  6229. Nursing Implications
  6230. Drug Significantly Different From 5-Fluorouracil
  6231. MITOTIC INHIBITORS
  6232. Vinca Alkaloids
  6233. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Vincristine
  6234. Core Drug Knowledge
  6235. Pharmacotherapeutics
  6236. Pharmacokinetics
  6237. Pharmacodynamics
  6238. Contraindications and Precautions
  6239. BOX 56.4: MANAGING PERIPHERAL EXTRAVASATJON
  6240. Adverse Effects
  6241. Drug Interactions
  6242. TABLE 56.4: Agents That Interact with Vincristine
  6243. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  6244. Health Status
  6245. Life Span and Gender
  6246. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  6247. Environment
  6248. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  6249. Planning and Intervention
  6250. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  6251. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  6252. TABLE 56.5: Common Vesicants and Known Antidotes
  6253. Providing Patient and Family Education
  6254. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  6255. Drugs Closely Related to Vincristine
  6256. Vinblastine
  6257. MEMORY CHIP : Vincristine
  6258. Vinorelbine
  6259. Podophyllotoxins
  6260. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Etoposide
  6261. Core Drug Knowledge
  6262. Pharmacotherapeutics
  6263. Pharmacokinetics
  6264. Pharmacodynamics
  6265. Contraindications and Precautions
  6266. Adverse Effects
  6267. Drug Interactions
  6268. TABLE 56.6: Agents That Interact with Etoposide
  6269. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  6270. Health Status
  6271. Life Span and Gender
  6272. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  6273. Environment
  6274. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  6275. Planning and Intervention
  6276. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  6277. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  6278. Providing Patient and Family Education
  6279. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  6280. Drug Closely Related to Etoposide
  6281. TAXANES
  6282. MEMORY CHIP : Etoposide
  6283. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Paclitaxel
  6284. Core Drug Knowledge
  6285. Pharmacotherapeutics
  6286. Pharmacokinetics
  6287. Pharmacodynamics
  6288. Contraindications and Precautions
  6289. Adverse Effects
  6290. Drug Interactions
  6291. TABLE 56.7: Agents That Interact with Paclitaxel
  6292. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  6293. Health Status
  6294. Life Span and Gender
  6295. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  6296. Environment
  6297. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  6298. Planning and Intervention
  6299. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  6300. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  6301. BOX 56.5: MANAGING A GENERALIZED HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION AND ANAPHYLAXIS
  6302. Providing Patient and Family Education
  6303. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  6304. Drug Closely Related to Paclitaxel
  6305. MEMORY CHIP : Paclitaxel
  6306. CAMPTOTHECINES (TOPOISOMERASE-I INHIBITORS)
  6307. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Topotecan
  6308. Core Drug Knowledge
  6309. Pharmacotherapeutics
  6310. Pharmacokinetics
  6311. Pharmacodynamics
  6312. Contraindications and Precautions
  6313. Adverse Effects
  6314. Drug Interactions
  6315. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  6316. Health Status
  6317. Life Span and Gender
  6318. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  6319. Environment
  6320. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  6321. Planning and Intervention
  6322. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  6323. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  6324. Providing Patient and Family Education
  6325. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  6326. MEMORY CHIP : Topotecan
  6327. Drug Closely Related to Topotecan
  6328. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: IMPLEMENTING IRINOTECAN THERAPY
  6329. MISCELLANEOUS CELL CYCLE-SPECIFIC DRUGS
  6330. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Hydroxyurea
  6331. Core Drug Knowledge
  6332. Pharmacotherapeutics
  6333. Pharmacokinetics
  6334. Pharmacodynamics
  6335. Contraindications and Precautions
  6336. Adverse Effects
  6337. Drug Interactions
  6338. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  6339. Health Status
  6340. Life Span and Gender
  6341. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  6342. Environment
  6343. BOX 56.6: COMMUNITY BASED CONCERNS
  6344. Home Therapy with Hydroxyurea
  6345. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  6346. Planning and Intervention
  6347. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  6348. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  6349. Providing Patient and Family Education
  6350. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  6351. MEMORY CHIP : Hydroxyurea
  6352. Drug Significantly Different From Hydroxyurea
  6353. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  6354. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  6355. NEED MORE HELP?
  6356. REFERENCES
  6357. 57: Drugs That Are Cell Cycle–Nonspecific
  6358. Learning Objectives
  6359. Key Terms
  6360. Drugs That Are Cell Cycle–Nonspecific
  6361. TABLE 57.1: Summary of Selected Cell Cycle–Nonspecific Antineoplastic Drugs
  6362. ALKYLATING AGENTS
  6363. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Cyclophosphamide
  6364. Core Drug Knowledge
  6365. Pharmacotherapeutics
  6366. Pharmacokinetics
  6367. Pharmacodynamics
  6368. Contraindications and Precautions
  6369. Adverse Effects
  6370. Drug Interactions
  6371. TABLE 57.2: Agents That Interact with Cyclophosphamide
  6372. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  6373. Health Status
  6374. Life Span and Gender
  6375. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  6376. Environment
  6377. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  6378. Planning and Intervention
  6379. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  6380. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  6381. Providing Patient and Family Education
  6382. CRITICAL THINKING SCENARIO: DETERMINING THE MOST APPROPRIATE ANTIEMESIS REGIMEN TO PREVENT CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED NAUSEA AND VOMITING
  6383. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  6384. Drugs Closely Related to Cyclophosphamide
  6385. Busulfan
  6386. MEMORY CHIP : Cyclophosphamide
  6387. Chlorambucil
  6388. Melphalan
  6389. Drugs Significantly Different From Cyclophosphamide
  6390. Cisplatin
  6391. Box 57.1: RANKING CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC DRUGS ACCORDING TO EMETOGENIC POTENTIAL
  6392. Box 57.2: RISK FACTORS FOR NAUSEA AND VOMITING
  6393. Box 57.3: TYPES OF EMESIS AND THEIR TREATMENTS
  6394. Box 57.4: GUIDELINES FOR MANAGING CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED EMESIS
  6395. Box 57.5: NONPHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENTS FOR CHEMOTHERAPY-INDUCED EMESIS
  6396. Carboplatin
  6397. Oxaliplatin
  6398. NITROSOUREAS
  6399. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Carmustine
  6400. Core Drug Knowledge
  6401. Pharmacotherapeutics
  6402. Pharmacokinetics
  6403. Pharmacodynamics
  6404. Contraindications and Precautions
  6405. Adverse Effects
  6406. Drug Interactions
  6407. TABLE 57.3: Agents That Interact with Carmustine
  6408. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  6409. Health Status
  6410. Life Span and Gender
  6411. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  6412. Environment
  6413. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  6414. Planning and Intervention
  6415. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  6416. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  6417. Providing Patient and Family Education
  6418. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  6419. Drugs Closely Related to Carmustine
  6420. MEMORY CHIP : Carmustine
  6421. ANTITUMOR ANTIBIOTICS
  6422. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Doxorubicin HCl
  6423. Core Drug Knowledge
  6424. Pharmacotherapeutics
  6425. Pharmacokinetics
  6426. Pharmacodynamics
  6427. Contraindications and Precautions
  6428. Adverse Effects
  6429. Drug Interactions
  6430. TABLE 57.4: Agents That Interact with Doxorubicin
  6431. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  6432. Health Status
  6433. Life Span and Gender
  6434. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  6435. Environment
  6436. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  6437. Planning and Intervention
  6438. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  6439. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  6440. Providing Patient and Family Education
  6441. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  6442. Drugs Closely Related to Doxorubicin
  6443. MEMORY CHIP : Doxorubicin HCI
  6444. Drugs Significantly Different From Doxorubicin
  6445. HORMONES AND HORMONE ANTAGONISTS
  6446. Antiestrogens
  6447. Nursing Management of the Patient Receiving Tamoxifen
  6448. Core Drug Knowledge
  6449. Pharmacotherapeutics
  6450. Pharmacokinetics
  6451. Pharmacodynamics
  6452. Contraindications and Precautions
  6453. Adverse Effects
  6454. Drug Interactions
  6455. TABLE 57.5: Agents That Interact with Tamoxifen
  6456. Assessment of Relevant Core Patient Variables
  6457. Health Status
  6458. Life Span and Gender
  6459. Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits
  6460. Environment
  6461. Nursing Diagnoses and Outcomes
  6462. Planning and Intervention
  6463. Maximizing Therapeutic Effects
  6464. Minimizing Adverse Effects
  6465. Providing Patient and Family Education
  6466. Ongoing Assessment and Evaluation
  6467. Drugs Significantly Different From Tamoxifen
  6468. Adrenocorticosteroids
  6469. MEMORY CHIP : Tamoxifen
  6470. Androgens, Estrogens, and Progestins
  6471. Antiandrogens
  6472. Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogues
  6473. Aromatase Inhibitors
  6474. MAXIMIZING CELL KILL: COMBINATION THERAPY
  6475. BOX 57.6: FOCUS ON RESEARCH
  6476. Combination Therapy for Stage III Colon Cancer
  6477. The Study
  6478. Nursing Implications
  6479. Box 57.7: RATING TUMOR RESPONSE
  6480. Complete Response
  6481. Partial Response
  6482. Stable Disease
  6483. Progressive Disease
  6484. TABLE 57.6: Common Combination Regimens
  6485. CHAPTER SUMMARY
  6486. QUESTIONS FOR STUDY AND REVIEW
  6487. NEED MORE HELP?
  6488. REFERENCES
  6489. Back Matter
  6490. Answers to Questions for Study and Review
  6491. Unit 1: Foundations for Drug Therapy in Nursing
  6492. Chapter 1: Nursing Management of Drug Therapy
  6493. Chapter 2: Pharmaceuticals: Development, Safeguards, and Delivery
  6494. Chapter 3: Drug Administration
  6495. Unit 2: Core Drug Knowledge
  6496. Chapter 4: Pharmacotherapeutics, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics
  6497. Chapter 5: Adverse Effects and Drug Interactions
  6498. Unit 3: Core Patient Variables
  6499. Chapter 6: Life Span: Children
  6500. Chapter 7: Life Span: Pregnant or Breast-Feeding Women
  6501. Chapter 8: Life Span: Older Adults
  6502. Chapter 9: Lifestyle: Substance Abuse
  6503. Chapter 10: Lifestyle, Diet, and Habits: Nutrition and Complementary Medications
  6504. Chapter 11: Environment: Influences on Drug Therapy
  6505. Chapter 12: Culture: Considerations in Drug Therapy
  6506. Unit 4: Peripheral Nervous System Drugs
  6507. Chapter 13: Drugs Affecting Adrenergic Function
  6508. Chapter 14: Drugs Affecting Cholinergic Function
  6509. Unit 5: Central Nervous System Drugs
  6510. Chapter 15: Drugs Relieving Anxiety and Promoting Sleep
  6511. Chapter 16: Drugs Treating Mood Disorders
  6512. Chapter 17: Drugs Treating Psychotic Disorders and Dementia
  6513. Chapter 18: Drugs Treating Seizure Disorders
  6514. Chapter 19: Drugs Producing Anesthesia and Neuromuscular Blocking
  6515. Chapter 20: Drugs Affecting Muscle Spasm and Spasticity
  6516. Chapter 21: Drugs Treating Parkinson Disease and Other Movement Disorders
  6517. Chapter 22: Drugs Stimulating the Central Nervous System
  6518. Unit 6: Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Drugs
  6519. Chapter 23: Drugs Treating Severe Pain
  6520. Chapter 24: Drugs Treating Mild to Moderate Pain, Fever, Inflammation, and Migraine Headache
  6521. Chapter 25: Drugs Treating Rheumatoid Arthritis and Gout
  6522. Unit 7: Hematopoietic, Cardiovascular, and Renal System Drugs
  6523. Chapter 26: Drugs Affecting Blood Pressure
  6524. Chapter 27: Drugs Affecting Urinary Output
  6525. Chapter 28: Drugs Affecting Lipid Levels
  6526. Chapter 29: Drugs Treating Heart Failure
  6527. Chapter 30: Drugs Treating Angina
  6528. Chapter 31: Drugs Affecting Cardiac Rhythm
  6529. Chapter 32: Drugs Affecting Coagulation
  6530. Chapter 33: Drugs Affecting Hematopoiesis
  6531. Unit 8: Respiratory System Drugs
  6532. Chapter 34: Drugs Affecting the Upper Respiratory System
  6533. Chapter 35: Drugs Affecting the Lower Respiratory System
  6534. Unit 9: Gastrointestinal Tract Drugs
  6535. Chapter 36: Drugs Affecting the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
  6536. Chapter 37: Drugs Affecting the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract
  6537. Unit 10: Antimicrobial Drugs
  6538. Chapter 38: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
  6539. Chapter 39: Antibiotics Affecting the Bacterial Cell Wall
  6540. Chapter 40: Antibiotics Affecting Protein Synthesis
  6541. Chapter 41: Drugs That Are Miscellaneous Antibiotics
  6542. Chapter 42: Drugs Treating Urinary Tract Infections
  6543. Chapter 43: Drugs Treating Mycobacterial Infections
  6544. Chapter 44: Drugs Treating Fungal Infections
  6545. Chapter 45: Drugs Treating Viral Infections
  6546. Chapter 46: Drugs Treating HIV Infection and AIDS
  6547. Chapter 47: Drugs Treating Parasitic Infections
  6548. Unit 11: Endocrine Drugs
  6549. Chapter 48: Drugs Affecting Corticosteroid Levels
  6550. Chapter 49: Drugs Affecting Blood Glucose Levels
  6551. Chapter 50: Drugs Affecting Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid, and Hypothalamic Function
  6552. Chapter 51: Drugs Affecting Men’s Health and Sexuality
  6553. Chapter 52: Drugs Affecting Women’s Health and Sexuality
  6554. Chapter 53: Drugs Affecting Uterine Mobility
  6555. Unit 12: Immune System and Cancer Chemotherapy Drugs
  6556. Chapter 54: Drugs Affecting the Immune Response
  6557. Chapter 55: Targeted Therapies
  6558. Chapter 56: Drugs That Are Cell Cycle-Specific
  6559. Chapter 57: Drugs That Are Cell Cycle-Nonspecific
  6560. Index

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