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  • ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 1119444462
  • ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-1119444466
  • Author: Tortora

Immerse yourself in the spectacular visuals and dynamic content of Principles of Human Anatomy, 14th Edition. Designed for the 1-term Human Anatomy course, this 14th edition raises the standard for excellence in this discipline with its enhanced illustration program, refined narrative, and dynamic resources. Principles of Human Anatomy is a rich digital experience, giving students the ability to learn and explore human anatomy both inside and outside of the classroom.

 

Table of Content:

  1. 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HUMAN BODY
  2. 1.1 Anatomy Defined
  3. 1.2 Levels of Body Organization and Body Systems
  4. 1.3 Life Processes
  5. 1.4 Basic Anatomical Terminology
  6. Anatomical Position
  7. Regional Names
  8. Planes and Sections
  9. 1.5 Body Cavities
  10. Thoracic and Abdominal Cavity Membranes
  11. 1.6 Abdominopelvic Regions and Quadrants
  12. 1.7 The Human Body and Disease
  13. 1.8 Aging
  14. 1.9 Medical Imaging
  15. 1.10 Measuring the Human Body
  16. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  17. Critical Thinking Questions
  18. Answers to Figure Questions
  19. 2 CELLS
  20. 2.1 A Generalized Cell
  21. 2.2 The Plasma Membrane
  22. Structure of the Membrane
  23. Functions of Membrane Proteins
  24. Membrane Permeability
  25. Transport Across the Plasma Membrane
  26. Kinetic Energy Transport
  27. Transport by Transporter Proteins
  28. Transport in Vesicles
  29. 2.3 Cytoplasm
  30. Cytosol
  31. Organelles
  32. Centrosome
  33. Cilia and Flagella
  34. Ribosomes
  35. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
  36. Golgi Complex
  37. Lysosomes
  38. Peroxisomes
  39. Proteasomes
  40. Mitochondria
  41. 2.4 Nucleus
  42. 2.5 Cell Division
  43. Somatic Cell Division
  44. Interphase
  45. Mitotic Phase
  46. Control of Cell Destiny
  47. Reproductive Cell Division
  48. Meiosis
  49. 2.6 Cellular Diversity
  50. 2.7 Aging and Cells
  51. Key Medical Terms Associated with Cells
  52. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  53. Critical Thinking Questions
  54. Answers to Figure Questions
  55. 3 TISSUES
  56. 3.1 Types of Tissues
  57. 3.2 Cell Junctions
  58. Tight Junctions
  59. Adherens Junctions
  60. Desmosomes
  61. Hemidesmosomes
  62. Gap Junctions
  63. 3.3 Comparison Between Epithelial and Connective Tissues
  64. 3.4 Epithelial Tissue
  65. Classification of Surface Epithelium
  66. Surface Epithelium
  67. Glandular Epithelium
  68. Structural Classification of Exocrine Glands
  69. Functional Classification of Exocrine Glands
  70. 3.5 Connective Tissue
  71. General Features of Connective Tissue
  72. Connective Tissue Cells
  73. Connective Tissue Extracellular Matrix
  74. Ground Substance
  75. Fibers
  76. Classification of Connective Tissue
  77. Embryonic Connective Tissue
  78. Mature Connective Tissue
  79. Connective Tissue Proper
  80. Supporting Connective Tissue
  81. Liquid Connective Tissue
  82. 3.6 Membranes
  83. Epithelial Membranes
  84. Mucous Membranes
  85. Serous Membranes
  86. Cutaneous Membrane
  87. Synovial Membranes
  88. 3.7 Muscular Tissue
  89. 3.8 Nervous Tissue
  90. 3.9 Aging and Tissues
  91. Key Medical Terms Associated with Tissues
  92. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  93. Critical Thinking Questions
  94. Answers to Figure Questions
  95. 4 DEVELOPMENT
  96. 4.1 Principles of Development
  97. 4.2 Embryonic Period
  98. First Week of Development
  99. Fertilization
  100. Cleavage of the Zygote
  101. Blastocyst Formation
  102. Implantation
  103. Second Week of Development
  104. Development of the Trophoblast
  105. Development of the Bilaminar Embryonic Disc
  106. Development of the Amnion
  107. Development of the Yolk Sac
  108. Development of Sinusoids
  109. Development of the Extraembryonic Coelom
  110. Development of the Chorion
  111. Third Week of Development
  112. Gastrulation
  113. Neurulation
  114. Development of Somites
  115. Development of the Intraembryonic Coelom
  116. Development of the Cardiovascular System
  117. Development of the Chorionic Villi and Placenta
  118. Fourth Week of Development
  119. Fifth Through Eighth Weeks of Development
  120. 4.3 Fetal Period
  121. 4.4 Maternal Changes During Pregnancy
  122. 4.5 Labor
  123. Key Medical Terms Associated with Development
  124. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  125. Critical Thinking Questions
  126. Answers to Figure Questions
  127. 5 THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
  128. 5.1 Structure of the Skin
  129. Epidermis
  130. Stratum Basale
  131. Stratum Spinosum
  132. Stratum Granulosum
  133. Stratum Lucidum
  134. Stratum Corneum
  135. Keratinization and Growth of the Epidermis
  136. Dermis
  137. Blood Supply of the Integumentary System
  138. The Structural Basis of Skin Color
  139. Tattooing and Body Piercing
  140. Subcutaneous Layer or Hypodermis
  141. 5.2 Accessory Structures of the Skin
  142. Hair
  143. Anatomy of a Hair
  144. Hair Growth
  145. Types of Hairs
  146. Hair Color
  147. Skin Glands
  148. Sebaceous Glands
  149. Sudoriferous Glands
  150. Ceruminous Glands
  151. Nails
  152. 5.3 Types of Skin
  153. 5.4 Functions of the Skin
  154. 5.5 Development of the Integumentary System
  155. 5.6 Aging and the Integumentary System
  156. Key Medical Terms Associated with the Integumentary System
  157. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  158. Critical Thinking Questions
  159. Answers to Figure Questions
  160. 6 BONE TISSUE
  161. 6.1 Functions of Bone and the Skeletal System
  162. 6.2 Types of Bones
  163. 6.3 Anatomy of a Bone
  164. 6.4 Bone Surface Markings
  165. 6.5 Histology of Bone Tissue
  166. Compact Bone Tissue
  167. Spongy Bone Tissue
  168. 6.6 Blood and Nerve Supply of Bone
  169. 6.7 Bone Formation
  170. Initial Bone Formation in an Embryo and Fetus
  171. Intramembranous Ossification
  172. Endochondral Ossification
  173. Bone Growth During Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence
  174. Growth in Length
  175. Growth in Thickness
  176. Remodeling of Bone
  177. 6.8 Fractures
  178. 6.9 Exercise and Bone Tissue
  179. 6.10 Aging and Bone Tissue
  180. 6.11 Factors Affecting Bone Growth
  181. Key Medical Terms Associated with Bone Tissue
  182. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  183. Critical Thinking Questions
  184. Answers to Figure Questions
  185. 7 THE SKELETAL SYSTEM: THE AXIAL SKELETON
  186. 7.1 Divisions of the Skeletal System
  187. 7.2 Skull
  188. General Features and Functions
  189. Nasal Septum
  190. Orbits
  191. Foramina
  192. Unique Features of the Skull
  193. Sutures
  194. Paranasal Sinuses
  195. Fontanels
  196. Cranial Fossae
  197. Age-related Changes in the Skull
  198. Sexual Differences in the Skull
  199. 7.3 Hyoid Bone
  200. 7.4 Vertebral Column
  201. Normal Curves of the Vertebral Column
  202. Intervertebral Discs
  203. Parts of a Typical Vertebra
  204. Vertebral Body
  205. Vertebral Arch
  206. Processes
  207. Regions of the Vertebral Column
  208. Age-related Changes in the Vertebral Column
  209. 7.5 Thorax
  210. Key Medical Terms Associated with the Axial Skeleton
  211. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  212. Critical Thinking Questions
  213. Answers to Figure Questions
  214. 8 THE SKELETAL SYSTEM: THE APPENDICULAR SKELETON
  215. 8.1 Skeleton of the Upper Limb
  216. 8.2 Skeleton of the Lower Limb
  217. 8.3 False and True Pelves
  218. 8.4 Comparison of Female and Male Pelves
  219. 8.5 Comparison of Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles
  220. 8.6 Development of the Skeletal System
  221. Key Medical Terms Associated with Appendicular Skeleton
  222. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  223. Critical Thinking Questions
  224. Answers to Figure Questions
  225. 9 JOINTS
  226. 9.1 Joint Classifications
  227. Ligaments
  228. 9.2 Fibrous Joints
  229. Sutures
  230. Syndesmoses
  231. Interosseous Membranes
  232. 9.3 Cartilaginous Joints
  233. Synchondroses
  234. Symphyses
  235. Epiphyseal Cartilages
  236. 9.4 Synovial Joints
  237. Structure of Synovial Joints
  238. Articular Capsule
  239. Synovial Fluid
  240. Accessory Ligaments, Articular Discs, and Labra
  241. Nerve and Blood Supply
  242. Bursae and Tendon Sheaths
  243. 9.5 Types of Movements at Synovial Joints
  244. Gliding
  245. Angular Movements
  246. Flexion, Extension, Lateral Flexion, and Hyperextension
  247. Abduction, Adduction, and Circumduction
  248. Rotation
  249. Special Movements
  250. 9.6 Types of Synovial Joints
  251. Plane Joints
  252. Hinge Joints
  253. Pivot Joints
  254. Condyloid Joints
  255. Saddle Joints
  256. Ball-and-Socket Joints
  257. 9.7 Factors Affecting Contact and Range of Motion at Synovial Joints
  258. 9.8 Selected Joints of the Body
  259. 9.9 Aging and Joints
  260. Key Medical Terms Associated with Joints
  261. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  262. Critical Thinking Questions
  263. Answers to Figure Questions
  264. 10 MUSCULAR TISSUE
  265. 10.1 Overview of Muscular Tissue
  266. Types of Muscular Tissue
  267. Functions of Muscular Tissue
  268. Properties of Muscular Tissue
  269. 10.2 Skeletal Muscle Tissue Structure
  270. Gross Anatomy of a Skeletal Muscle
  271. Connective Tissue Coverings
  272. Nerve and Blood Supply
  273. Microscopic Anatomy of a Skeletal Muscle Fiber (Cell)
  274. Sarcolemma, T Tubules, and Sarcoplasm
  275. Myofibrils and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
  276. Filaments and the Sarcomere
  277. Muscle Proteins
  278. 10.3 Skeletal Muscle Tissue Function
  279. Contraction and Relaxation of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
  280. Sliding Filament Mechanism
  281. The Neuromuscular Junction
  282. The Contraction Cycle
  283. Excitation–Contraction Coupling
  284. Muscle Tone
  285. Isotonic and Isometric Contractions
  286. 10.4 Types of Skeletal Muscle Fibers
  287. Slow Oxidative Fibers
  288. Fast Oxidative-Glycolytic Fibers
  289. Fast Glycolytic Fibers
  290. 10.5 Exercise and Skeletal Muscle Tissue
  291. Effective Stretching
  292. Strength Training
  293. 10.6 Cardiac Muscle Tissue
  294. 10.7 Smooth Muscle Tissue
  295. 10.8 Development of Muscles
  296. 10.9 Aging and Muscular Tissue
  297. Key Medical Terms Associated with Muscular Tissue
  298. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  299. Critical Thinking Questions
  300. Answers to Figure Questions
  301. 11 THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM
  302. 11.1 How Skeletal Muscles Produce Movements
  303. Muscle Attachment Sites: Origin and Insertion
  304. Lever Systems
  305. Effects of Fascicle Arrangement
  306. Muscle Actions
  307. Coordination Among Muscles
  308. Structure and Function of Muscle Groups
  309. 11.2 How Skeletal Muscles Are Named
  310. 11.3 Principal Skeletal Muscles
  311. Key Medical Terms Associated with the Muscular System
  312. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  313. Critical Thinking Questions
  314. Answers to Figure Questions
  315. 12 THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: BLOOD
  316. 12.1 Functions of Blood
  317. 12.2 Physical Characteristics of Blood
  318. 12.3 Components of Blood
  319. Blood Plasma
  320. Formed Elements
  321. 12.4 Formation of Blood Cells
  322. 12.5 Red Blood Cells
  323. RBC Anatomy
  324. RBC Functions
  325. RBC Life Cycle
  326. Erythropoiesis: Production of RBCs
  327. Blood Group Systems
  328. 12.6 White Blood Cells
  329. WBC Anatomy and Types
  330. Granular Leukocytes
  331. Agranular Leukocytes
  332. WBC Functions
  333. 12.7 Platelets
  334. 12.8 Stem Cell Transplants from Bone Marrow and Cord-Blood
  335. Key Medical Terms Associated with Blood
  336. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  337. Critical Thinking Questions
  338. Answers to Figure Questions
  339. 13 THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: THE HEART
  340. 13.1 Location and Surface Projection of the Heart
  341. 13.2 Structure and Function of the Heart
  342. Pericardium
  343. Layers of the Heart Wall
  344. Chambers of the Heart
  345. Right Atrium
  346. Right Ventricle
  347. Left Atrium
  348. Left Ventricle
  349. Myocardial Thickness and Function
  350. Fibrous Skeleton of the Heart
  351. Heart Valves
  352. Atrioventricular Valves
  353. Semilunar Valves
  354. 13.3 Circulation of Blood
  355. Systemic and Pulmonary Circulations
  356. Coronary Circulation
  357. Coronary Arteries
  358. Coronary Veins
  359. 13.4 Cardiac Conduction System and Innervation
  360. Cardiac Conduction System
  361. Cardiac Nerves
  362. 13.5 Cardiac Cycle (Heartbeat)
  363. 13.6 Heart Sounds
  364. 13.7 Exercise and the Heart
  365. 13.8 Development of the Heart
  366. Key Medical Terms Associated with the Heart
  367. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  368. Critical Thinking Questions
  369. Answers to Figure Questions
  370. 14 THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM: BLOOD VESSELS
  371. 14.1 Anatomy of Blood Vessels
  372. Basic Structure of a Blood Vessel
  373. Tunica Interna (Intima)
  374. Tunica Media
  375. Tunica Externa
  376. Arteries
  377. Elastic Arteries
  378. Muscular Arteries
  379. Anastomoses
  380. Arterioles
  381. Capillaries
  382. Venules
  383. Veins
  384. Blood Distribution
  385. 14.2 Circulatory Routes—Systemic Circulation
  386. 14.3 Circulatory Routes—Hepatic Portal Circulation
  387. 14.4 Circulatory Routes—Pulmonary Circulation
  388. 14.5 Circulatory Routes—Fetal Circulation
  389. 14.6 Development of Blood Vessels and Blood
  390. 14.7 Aging and the Cardiovascular System
  391. Key Medical Terms Associated with Blood Vessels
  392. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  393. Critical Thinking Questions
  394. Answers to Figure Questions
  395. 15 THE LYMPHATIC (LYMPHOID) SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY
  396. 15.1 The Concept of Immunity
  397. 15.2 Lymphatic System Structure and Functions
  398. Structure
  399. Functions
  400. 15.3 Lymphatic Vessels and Lymph Circulation
  401. Lymphatic Capillaries
  402. Lymph Trunks and Ducts
  403. Formation and Flow of Lymph
  404. 15.4 Lymphatic Organs and Tissues
  405. Thymus
  406. Lymph Nodes
  407. Spleen
  408. Lymphatic Nodules
  409. 15.5 Principal Groups of Lymph Nodes
  410. 15.6 Development of Lymphatic Tissues
  411. 15.7 Aging and the Lymphatic System
  412. Key Medical Terms Associated with the Lymphatic System and Immunity
  413. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  414. Critical Thinking Questions
  415. Answers to Figure Questions
  416. 16 NERVOUS TISSUE
  417. 16.1 Overview of the Nervous System
  418. Structures of the Nervous System
  419. Organization of the Nervous System
  420. Anatomical Organization
  421. Functional Organization
  422. 16.2 Histology and Functions of Neurons
  423. Neurons
  424. Parts of a Neuron
  425. Cell Body
  426. Nerve Fibers
  427. Synapses
  428. Neuromuscular Junction
  429. Synapses Between Neurons
  430. Neurotransmitters
  431. Structural Diversity in Neurons
  432. 16.3 Histology and Function of Neuroglia
  433. Neuroglia of the CNS
  434. Neuroglia of the PNS
  435. Myelination
  436. Gray and White Matter
  437. 16.4 Neural Circuits
  438. 16.5 Regeneration and Neurogenesis
  439. Key Medical Terms Associated with Nervous Tissue
  440. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  441. Critical Thinking Questions
  442. Answers to Figure Questions
  443. 17 THE SPINAL CORD AND THE SPINAL NERVES
  444. 17.1 Spinal Cord Anatomy
  445. Protective Structures
  446. Vertebral Column
  447. Meninges
  448. External Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
  449. Internal Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
  450. 17.2 Spinal Nerves
  451. Structure of a Single Nerve
  452. Organization of Spinal Nerves
  453. Branches of Spinal Nerves
  454. Intercostal Nerves
  455. Plexuses
  456. Dermatomes Versus Cutaneous Fields
  457. 17.3 Spinal Cord Functions
  458. Sensory and Motor Tracts
  459. Reflexes and Reflex Arcs
  460. Key Medical Terms Associated with the Spinal Cord and the Spinal Nerves
  461. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  462. Critical Thinking Questions
  463. Answers to Figure Questions
  464. 18 THE BRAIN AND THE CRANIAL NERVES
  465. 18.1 Development and General Structure of the Brain
  466. Brain Development
  467. Major Parts of the Brain
  468. 18.2 Protection and Blood Supply
  469. Protective Coverings of the Brain
  470. Cerebrospinal Fluid
  471. Formation of CSF in the Ventricles
  472. Functions of CSF
  473. Circulation of CSF
  474. Brain Blood Flow and the Blood–Brain Barrier
  475. 18.3 The Brainstem and Reticular Formation
  476. Medulla Oblongata
  477. Pons
  478. Midbrain
  479. Reticular Formation
  480. 18.4 The Cerebellum
  481. 18.5 The Diencephalon
  482. Thalamus
  483. Hypothalamus
  484. Epithalamus
  485. Circumventricular Organs
  486. 18.6 The Cerebrum
  487. Structure of the Cerebrum
  488. Cerebral White Matter
  489. Basal Nuclei
  490. The Limbic System
  491. 18.7 Functional Organization of the Cerebral Cortex
  492. Sensory Areas
  493. Motor Areas
  494. Association Areas
  495. Hemispheric Lateralization
  496. Memory
  497. Brain Waves
  498. 18.8 Aging and the Nervous System
  499. 18.9 Cranial Nerves
  500. Key Medical Terms Associated with the Brain and the Cranial Nerves
  501. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  502. Critical Thinking Questions
  503. Answers to Figure Questions
  504. 19 THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
  505. 19.1 Comparison of Somatic and Autonomic Nervous Systems
  506. Somatic Nervous System
  507. Autonomic Nervous System
  508. Comparison of Somatic and Autonomic Motor Neurons
  509. 19.2 Anatomy of Autonomic Motor Pathways
  510. Understanding Autonomic Motor Pathways
  511. Migration of the Neural Crest Tissue
  512. Shared Anatomical Components of an Autonomic Motor Pathway
  513. Motor Neurons and Autonomic Ganglia
  514. Autonomic Plexuses
  515. 19.3 Structure of the Sympathetic Division
  516. Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons
  517. Sympathetic Ganglia and Postganglionic Neurons
  518. Sympathetic Trunk Ganglia
  519. Prevertebral Ganglia
  520. 19.4 Structure of the Parasympathetic Division
  521. Parasympathetic Preganglionic Neurons
  522. Parasympathetic Ganglia and Postganglionic Neurons
  523. 19.5 ANS Neurotransmitters and Receptors
  524. Cholinergic Neurons and Receptors
  525. Adrenergic Neurons and Receptors
  526. 19.6 Functions of the ANS
  527. Sympathetic Responses
  528. Parasympathetic Responses
  529. 19.7 Integration and Control of Autonomic Functions
  530. Autonomic Reflexes
  531. Autonomic Control by Higher Centers
  532. Key Medical Terms Associated with the Autonomic Nervous System
  533. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  534. Critical Thinking Questions
  535. Answers to Figure Questions
  536. 20 SOMATIC SENSES AND MOTOR CONTROL
  537. 20.1 Overview of Sensations
  538. Definition of Sensations
  539. Characteristics of Sensations
  540. Classification of Sensations
  541. Types of Sensory Receptors
  542. 20.2 Somatic Sensations
  543. Tactile Sensations
  544. Touch
  545. Pressure
  546. Vibration
  547. Itch and Tickle
  548. Thermal Sensations
  549. Pain Sensations
  550. Types of Pain
  551. Localization of Pain
  552. Proprioceptive Sensations
  553. Muscle Spindles
  554. Tendon Organs
  555. Joint Kinesthetic Receptors
  556. 20.3 Somatic Sensory Pathways
  557. Posterior Column–Medial Lemniscus Pathway to the Cerebral Cortex
  558. Anterolateral (Spinothalamic) Pathways to the Cerebral Cortex
  559. Mapping the Primary Somatosensory Area
  560. Somatic Sensory Pathways to the Cerebellum
  561. 20.4 Somatic Motor Pathways
  562. Origin of Motor Pathways
  563. Direct Motor Pathways
  564. Indirect Motor Pathways
  565. Roles of the Basal Nuclei in Movement
  566. Roles of the Cerebellum in Movement
  567. Role of the Brainstem in Movement
  568. Vestibular Nuclei in the Medulla and Pons
  569. Reticular Formation in the Medulla, Pons, and Midbrain
  570. Superior Colliculus in the Midbrain
  571. 20.5 Integration of Sensory Input and Motor Output
  572. Key Medical Terms Associated with Somatic Senses and Motor Control
  573. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  574. Critical Thinking Questions
  575. Answers to Figure Questions
  576. 21 SPECIAL SENSES
  577. 21.1 Olfaction: Sense of Smell
  578. Anatomy of Olfactory Receptors
  579. The Olfactory Pathway
  580. 21.2 Gustation: Sense of Taste
  581. Anatomy of Gustatory Receptors
  582. The Gustatory Pathway
  583. 21.3 Vision
  584. Accessory Structures of the Eye
  585. Eyelids
  586. Eyelashes and Eyebrows
  587. The Lacrimal Apparatus
  588. Extrinsic Eye Muscles
  589. Anatomy of the Eyeball
  590. Fibrous Tunic
  591. Vascular Tunic
  592. Retina
  593. Lens
  594. Interior of the Eyeball
  595. The Visual Pathway
  596. Processing of Visual Input in the Retina
  597. Pathway in the Brain
  598. 21.4 Hearing and Equilibrium
  599. Anatomy of the Ear
  600. External (Outer) Ear
  601. Middle Ear
  602. Internal (Inner) Ear
  603. Mechanism of Hearing
  604. The Auditory Pathway
  605. Mechanism of Equilibrium
  606. Otolithic Organs: Saccule and Utricle and Static Equilibrium
  607. Semicircular Ducts and Dynamic Equilibrium
  608. Equilibrium Pathways
  609. 21.5 Development of the Eyes and Ears
  610. Development of the Eyes
  611. Development of the Ears
  612. 21.6 Aging and the Special Senses
  613. Key Medical Terms Associated with Special Senses
  614. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  615. Critical Thinking Questions
  616. Answers to Figure Questions
  617. 22 THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
  618. 22.1 Endocrine Glands Defined
  619. 22.2 Hormones
  620. 22.3 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
  621. Anterior Pituitary
  622. Posterior Pituitary
  623. 22.4 Pineal Gland and Thymus
  624. 22.5 Thyroid Gland and Parathyroid Glands
  625. 22.6 Adrenal Glands
  626. Adrenal Cortex
  627. Adrenal Medulla
  628. 22.7 Pancreas
  629. 22.8 Ovaries and Testes
  630. 22.9 Other Endocrine Tissues
  631. 22.10 Development of the Endocrine System
  632. 22.11 Aging and the Endocrine System
  633. Key Medical Terms Associated with the Endocrine System
  634. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  635. Critical Thinking Questions
  636. Answers to Figure Questions
  637. 23 THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
  638. 23.1 Respiratory System Anatomy
  639. 23.2 Upper Respiratory System Anatomy
  640. Nose
  641. Pharynx
  642. 23.3 Lower Respiratory System Anatomy
  643. Larynx
  644. The Structures of Voice Production
  645. Trachea
  646. Bronchi
  647. Lungs
  648. Lobes, Fissures, and Lobules
  649. Alveolar Sacs and Alveoli
  650. Blood Supply to the Lungs
  651. Patency of the Respiratory System
  652. 23.4 Mechanics of Pulmonary Ventilation (Breathing)
  653. Inhalation
  654. Exhalation
  655. 23.5 Regulation of Breathing
  656. Role of the Respiratory Center
  657. Medullary Respiratory Center
  658. Pontine Respiratory Group
  659. Regulation of the Respiratory Center
  660. Cortical Influences on Breathing
  661. Chemoreceptor Regulation of Breathing
  662. Role of Lung Inflation in Stimulation of Breathing
  663. 23.6 Exercise and the Respiratory System
  664. 23.7 Development of the Respiratory System
  665. 23.8 Aging and the Respiratory System
  666. Key Medical Terms Associated with the Respiratory System
  667. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  668. Critical Thinking Questions
  669. Answers to Figure Questions
  670. 24 THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
  671. 24.1 Overview of the Digestive System
  672. 24.2 Layers of the GI Tract
  673. Mucosa
  674. Submucosa
  675. Muscularis
  676. Serosa
  677. 24.3 Peritoneum
  678. 24.4 Mouth
  679. Salivary Glands
  680. Tongue
  681. Teeth
  682. 24.5 Pharynx
  683. 24.6 Esophagus
  684. Histology of the Esophagus
  685. Functions of the Esophagus
  686. 24.7 Stomach
  687. Anatomy of the Stomach
  688. Histology of the Stomach
  689. Functions of the Stomach
  690. 24.8 Pancreas
  691. Anatomy of the Pancreas
  692. Histology of the Pancreas
  693. Functions of the Pancreas
  694. 24.9 Liver and Gallbladder
  695. Anatomy of the Liver and Gallbladder
  696. Histology of the Liver and Gallbladder
  697. Blood and Nerve Supply of the Liver and Gallbladder
  698. Functions of the Liver and Gallbladder
  699. 24.10 Small Intestine
  700. Anatomy of the Small Intestine
  701. Histology of the Small Intestine
  702. Functions of the Small Intestine
  703. 24.11 Large Intestine
  704. Anatomy of the Large Intestine
  705. Histology of the Large Intestine
  706. Functions of the Large Intestine
  707. 24.12 Development of the Digestive System
  708. 24.13 Aging and the Digestive System
  709. Key Medical Terms Associated with the Digestive System
  710. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  711. Critical Thinking Questions
  712. Answers to Figure Questions
  713. 25 THE URINARY SYSTEM
  714. 25.1 Overview of the Urinary System
  715. 25.2 Anatomy of the Kidneys
  716. External Anatomy of the Kidneys
  717. Internal Anatomy of the Kidneys
  718. Blood and Nerve Supply of the Kidneys
  719. 25.3 The Nephron
  720. Parts of a Nephron
  721. Histology of the Nephron and Collecting Duct
  722. Glomerular Capsule
  723. Renal Tubule and Collecting Duct
  724. 25.4 Functions of Nephrons
  725. Glomerular Filtration
  726. Tubular Reabsorption
  727. Tubular Secretion
  728. 25.5 Urine Transportation, Storage, and Elimination
  729. Ureters
  730. Urinary Bladder
  731. Urethra
  732. 25.6 Development of the Urinary System
  733. 25.7 Aging and the Urinary System
  734. Key Medical Terms Associated with the Urinary System
  735. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  736. Critical Thinking Questions
  737. Answers to Figure Questions
  738. 26 THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
  739. 26.1 Male Reproductive System
  740. Scrotum
  741. Testes
  742. Sperm
  743. Reproductive System Ducts in Males
  744. Ducts of the Testis
  745. Epididymis
  746. Ductus Deferens
  747. Ejaculatory Ducts
  748. Urethra
  749. Spermatic Cord
  750. Accessory Sex Glands in Males
  751. Seminal Vesicles
  752. Prostate
  753. Bulbourethral Glands
  754. Semen
  755. Penis
  756. 26.2 Female Reproductive System
  757. Ovaries
  758. Histology of the Ovaries
  759. Oogenesis and Follicular Development
  760. Uterine Tubes
  761. Uterus
  762. Vagina
  763. Vulva
  764. Perineum
  765. Mammary Glands
  766. 26.3 Female Reproductive Cycle
  767. Menstrual Phase
  768. Events in the Ovaries
  769. Events in the Uterus
  770. Preovulatory Phase
  771. Events in the Ovaries
  772. Events in the Uterus
  773. Ovulation
  774. Postovulatory Phase
  775. Events in the Ovaries
  776. Events in the Uterus
  777. 26.4 Birth Control Methods and Abortion
  778. Birth Control Methods
  779. Surgical Sterilization
  780. Non-incisional Sterilization
  781. Hormonal Methods
  782. Intrauterine Devices
  783. Spermicides
  784. Barrier Methods
  785. Periodic Abstinence
  786. Abortion
  787. 26.5 Development of the Reproductive Systems
  788. 26.6 Aging and the Reproductive Systems
  789. Key Medical Terms Associated with the Reproductive Systems
  790. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  791. Critical Thinking Questions
  792. Answers to Figure Questions
  793. 27 SURFACE ANATOMY
  794. 27.1 Overview of Surface Anatomy
  795. Chapter Review and Resource Summary
  796. Critical Thinking Questions
  797. Answers to Figure Questions
  798. APPENDIX A: MEASUREMENTS
  799. APPENDIX B: ANSWERS
  800. Glossary
  801. Index
  802. EULA

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