| Preface |
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iv |
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| Part One Nutrition: A Key to Health |
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Chapter 1 Nutrition, Food Choices, and Health |
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3 |
(34) |
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1.1 Why Do You Choose the Food You Eat? |
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4 |
(4) |
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1.2 How Is Nutrition Connected to Good Health? |
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8 |
(2) |
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1.3 What Are the Classes and Sources of Nutrients? |
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10 |
(5) |
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1.4 What Math Concepts Will Aid Your Study of Nutrition? |
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15 |
(2) |
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1.5 How Do We Know What We Know About Nutrition? |
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17 |
(3) |
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1.6 What Is the Current State of the North American Diet and Health? |
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20 |
(5) |
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1.7 What Can You Expect from Good Nutrition and a Healthy Lifestyle? |
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25 |
(12) |
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Nutrition And Your Health: Eating Well in College |
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28 |
(1) |
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Case Study: Typical College Student |
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29 |
(8) |
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Chapter 2 Guidelines for Designing a Healthy Diet |
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37 |
(40) |
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2.1 A Food Philosophy That Works |
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38 |
(5) |
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2.2 Dietary and Physical Activity Guidelines |
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43 |
(6) |
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2.3 MyPlate-A Menu-Planning Tool |
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49 |
(7) |
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2.4 States of Nutritional Health |
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56 |
(2) |
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2.5 Measuring Your Nutritional State |
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58 |
(3) |
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2.6 Specific Nutrient Standards and Recommendations |
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61 |
(3) |
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2.7 Evaluating Nutrition Information |
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64 |
(13) |
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Nutrition And Your Health: Food Labels and Diet Planning |
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66 |
(5) |
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Case Study: Using the Nutrition Facts Label to Make Food Choices |
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71 |
(6) |
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Chapter 3 The Human Body: A Nutrition Perspective |
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77 |
(42) |
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3.1 Nutrition’s Role in Human Physiology |
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78 |
(1) |
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3.2 The Cell: Structure, Function, and Metabolism |
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79 |
(3) |
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82 |
(2) |
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3.4 Cardiovascular System and Lymphatic System |
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84 |
(3) |
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87 |
(1) |
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88 |
(1) |
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89 |
(2) |
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91 |
(1) |
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92 |
(9) |
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3.10 Nutrient Storage Capabilities |
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101 |
(1) |
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3.11 Nutrition and Genetics |
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102 |
(17) |
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Nutrition And Your Health: Common Problems with Digestion |
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107 |
(1) |
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Case Study: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease |
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108 |
(11) |
| Part Two Energy Nutrients and Energy Balance |
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119 |
(40) |
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4.1 Carbohydrates-Our Most Important Energy Source |
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120 |
(1) |
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4.2 Forms of Carbohydrates |
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121 |
(4) |
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4.3 Carbohydrates in Foods |
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125 |
(9) |
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4.4 Making Carbohydrates Available for Body Use |
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134 |
(4) |
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Case Study: Problems with Milk Intake |
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136 |
(2) |
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4.5 Putting Carbohydrates to Work in the Body |
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138 |
(3) |
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141 |
(18) |
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Nutrition And Your Health: Diabetes-When Blood Glucose Regulation Fails |
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147 |
(12) |
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159 |
(42) |
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5.1 Lipids: Common Properties |
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160 |
(1) |
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5.2 Lipids: Triglycerides, Phospholipids, and Sterols |
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160 |
(6) |
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5.3 Fats and Oils in Foods |
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166 |
(8) |
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5.4 Making Lipids Available for Body Use |
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174 |
(2) |
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5.5 Carrying Lipids in the Bloodstream |
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176 |
(4) |
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5.6 Broader Roles for Lipids in the Body |
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180 |
(3) |
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5.7 Recommendations for Fat Intake |
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183 |
(18) |
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Case Study: Planning a Heart-Healthy Diet |
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187 |
(2) |
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Nutrition And Your Health: Lipids and Cardiovascular Disease |
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189 |
(12) |
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201 |
(32) |
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6.1 Amino Acids-Building Blocks of Proteins |
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202 |
(2) |
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6.2 Protein Synthesis and Organization |
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204 |
(2) |
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206 |
(4) |
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6.4 Protein Digestion and Absorption |
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210 |
(2) |
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6.5 Putting Proteins to Work in the Body |
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212 |
(4) |
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216 |
(2) |
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6.7 Does Eating a High-Protein Diet Harm You? |
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218 |
(2) |
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6.8 Protein-Calorie Malnutrition |
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220 |
(13) |
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Nutrition And Your Health:Vegetarian and Plant-Based Diets |
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223 |
(4) |
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Case Study: Planning a Vegetarian Diet |
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227 |
(6) |
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Chapter 7 Energy Balance and Weight Control |
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233 |
(42) |
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234 |
(5) |
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7.2 Determination of Energy Use by the Body |
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239 |
(2) |
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7.3 Assessing Healthy Body Weight |
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241 |
(5) |
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7.4 Why Some People Are Obese-Nature Versus Nurture |
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246 |
(3) |
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7.5 Treatment of Overweight and Obesity |
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249 |
(3) |
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7.6 Control of Calorie Intake is Essential for Weight Management |
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252 |
(2) |
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7.7 Regular Physical Activity Promotes Weight Loss and Maintenance of a Healthy Weight |
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254 |
(1) |
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7.8 Behavior Modification Strategies for Weight Management |
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255 |
(4) |
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7.9 Professional Help for Weight Loss |
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259 |
(4) |
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7.10 Treatment of Underweight |
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263 |
(12) |
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Nutrition And Your Health: Popular Diets-Cause for Concern |
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265 |
(3) |
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Case Study: Choosing a Weight-Loss Program |
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268 |
(7) |
| Part Three Vitamins, Minerals, and Water |
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275 |
(64) |
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8.1 Vitamins: Vital Dietary Components |
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276 |
(3) |
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8.2 Vitamin A (Retinoids) and Carotenoids |
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279 |
(6) |
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8.3 Vitamin D (Calciferol or Calcitriol) |
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285 |
(5) |
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8.4 Vitamin E (Tocopherols) |
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290 |
(3) |
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293 |
(3) |
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8.6 The Water-Soluble Vitamins and Choline |
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296 |
(3) |
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8.7 Thiamin (Vitamin B-1) |
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299 |
(2) |
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8.8 Riboflavin (Vitamin B-2) |
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301 |
(1) |
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301 |
(3) |
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8.10 Vitamin B-6 (Pyridoxine) |
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304 |
(2) |
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8.11 Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B-5) and Biotin (Vitamin B-7) |
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306 |
(3) |
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8.12 Folate (Vitamin B-9) |
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309 |
(3) |
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8.13 Vitamin B-12 (Cobalamin or Cyanocobalamin) |
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312 |
(3) |
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8.14 Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) |
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315 |
(3) |
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8.15 Choline and Other Vitamin-Like Compounds |
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318 |
(4) |
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8.16 Dietary Supplements-Who Needs Them? |
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322 |
(17) |
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Case Study: Getting the Most Nutrition from Your Food |
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326 |
(1) |
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Nutrition And Your Health: Nutrition and Cancer |
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327 |
(12) |
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Chapter 9 Water and Minerals |
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339 |
(64) |
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340 |
(9) |
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9.2 Minerals: Essential Elements for Health |
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349 |
(3) |
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352 |
(3) |
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355 |
(1) |
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356 |
(1) |
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357 |
(11) |
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Case Study: Worried About Grandma |
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361 |
(7) |
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368 |
(3) |
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371 |
(3) |
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374 |
(4) |
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378 |
(2) |
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380 |
(2) |
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382 |
(2) |
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384 |
(2) |
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386 |
(2) |
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388 |
(1) |
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9.16 Other Trace Minerals |
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389 |
(14) |
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Nutrition And Your Health: Minerals and Hypertension |
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391 |
(2) |
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Case Study: Focus on the Positive |
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393 |
(10) |
| Part Four Nutrition: Beyond the Nutrients |
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Chapter 10 Nutrition: Fitness and Sports |
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403 |
(40) |
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10.1 An Introduction to Physical Fitness |
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404 |
(1) |
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10.2 Achieving and Maintaining Physical Fitness |
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405 |
(4) |
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10.3 Energy Sources for Exercising Muscles |
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409 |
(6) |
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10.4 Tailoring Nutrient Recommendations for Athletes |
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415 |
(10) |
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10.5 Specialized Advice for Endurance, Strength, and Power Athletes |
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425 |
(18) |
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Case Study: Planning a Training Diet |
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432 |
(1) |
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Nutrition And Your Health: Ergogenic Aids and Athletic Performance |
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433 |
(10) |
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Chapter 11 Eating Disorders |
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443 |
(32) |
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11.1 From Ordered to Disordered Eating Habits |
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444 |
(3) |
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447 |
(7) |
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Case Study: Eating Disorders-Steps to Recovery |
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452 |
(2) |
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454 |
(4) |
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11.4 Binge-Eating Disorder |
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458 |
(4) |
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11.5 Other Eating Disorders |
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462 |
(2) |
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11.6 Additional Disordered Eating Patterns |
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464 |
(1) |
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11.7 Prevention of Eating Disorders |
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465 |
(10) |
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Nutrition And Your Health: Eating Disorder Reflections |
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467 |
(8) |
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Chapter 12 Undernutrition Throughout the World |
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475 |
(36) |
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12.1 World Hunger: A Crisis of Nutrition Security |
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476 |
(6) |
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12.2 Undernutrition in the United States |
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482 |
(7) |
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12.3 Undernutrition in the Developing World |
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489 |
(8) |
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12.4 Reducing Undernutrition in the Developing World |
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497 |
(14) |
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Nutrition And Your Health: Undernutrition at Critical Life Stages |
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503 |
(2) |
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Case Study: Undernutrition During Childhood |
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505 |
(6) |
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Chapter 13 Safety of Our Food Supply |
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511 |
(38) |
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13.1 Food Safety: Setting the Stage |
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512 |
(4) |
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13.2 Food Preservation-Past, Present, and Future |
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516 |
(1) |
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13.3 Foodborne Illness Caused by Microorganisms |
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517 |
(5) |
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522 |
(4) |
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13.5 Substances That Occur Naturally in Foods and Can Cause Illness |
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526 |
(3) |
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13.6 Environmental Contaminants in Food |
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529 |
(5) |
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13.7 Food Production Choices |
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534 |
(15) |
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Nutrition And Your Health: Preventing Foodborne Illness |
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540 |
(4) |
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Case Study: Preventing Foodborne Illness at Gatherings |
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544 |
(5) |
| Part Five Nutrition: A Focus on Life Stages |
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Chapter 14 Nutrition During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding |
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549 |
(42) |
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14.1 Nutrition and Fertility |
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550 |
(3) |
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14.2 Prenatal Growth and Development |
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553 |
(3) |
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14.3 Success in Pregnancy |
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556 |
(4) |
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14.4 Increased Nutrient Needs to Support Pregnancy |
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560 |
(8) |
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Case Study: Preparing for Pregnancy |
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566 |
(2) |
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14.5 Food Plan for Pregnant Women |
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568 |
(2) |
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14.6 Physiological Changes of Concern During Pregnancy |
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570 |
(3) |
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573 |
(18) |
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Nutrition And Your Health: Preventing Birth Defects |
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581 |
(10) |
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Chapter 15 Nutrition from Infancy Through Adolescence |
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591 |
(44) |
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592 |
(3) |
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15.2 Infant Nutritional Needs |
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595 |
(5) |
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15.3 Guidelines for Infant Feeding |
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600 |
(8) |
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Case Study: Undernutrition During Infancy |
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608 |
(1) |
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15.4 Toddlers and Preschool Children: Nutrition Concerns |
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608 |
(8) |
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15.5 School-Age Children: Nutrition Concerns |
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616 |
(6) |
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15.6 Teenage Years: Nutrition Concerns |
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622 |
(13) |
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Nutrition And Your Health: Food Allergies and Intolerances |
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626 |
(9) |
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Chapter 16 Nutrition During Adulthood |
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635 |
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16.1 The Graying of North America |
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636 |
(5) |
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16.2 Nutrient Needs During Adulthood |
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641 |
(5) |
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16.3 Physiological Factors Related to Nutritional Status of Adults |
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646 |
(8) |
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16.4 Psychosocial Factors Related to Nutritional Status of Adults |
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654 |
(2) |
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16.5 Ensuring a Healthful Diet for the Adult Years |
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656 |
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Case Study: Dietary Assistance for an Older Adult |
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659 |
(1) |
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Nutrition And Your Health: Nutrition Implications of Alcohol Consumption |
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660 |
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| Appendix A Daily Values Used on Food Labels |
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A-1 |
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| Appendix B Diabetes Menu-Planning Tools |
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A-2 |
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| Appendix C Dietary Intake and Energy Expenditure Assessment |
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A-16 |
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| Appendix D Chemical Structures Important in Nutrition |
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A-26 |
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| Appendix E Sources of Nutrition Information |
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A-31 |
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| Appendix F English-Metric Conversions and Metric Units |
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A-34 |
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| Glossary |
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G-1 |
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| Photo Credits |
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C-1 |
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| Index |
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I-1 |
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